36865633
.pdf
keyboard_arrow_up
School
George Washington University *
*We aren’t endorsed by this school
Course
1011
Subject
Economics
Date
Apr 3, 2024
Type
Pages
13
Uploaded by ConstableCrocodileMaster1093
ECON 1011 Prof. Foster ©I. R. Foster 1 OPPORTUNITY COST AND TRADE AK Terms: Production Possibilities Frontier –
curve showing the maximum possible combinations of two products that can be produced with available resources and current technology
. Productivity –
the amount of output produced with given one unit of an input
Production Function –
equation that calculates the total amount of output that can be produced given productivity and a certain level of input
Absolute Advantage –
the ability of an individual, firm or country to produce more of a good or service than competitors using the same resources
. Comparative Advantage –
the ability of an individual, firm or country to produce a good or service at a lower opportunity cost than competitors
. Autarky –
a situation of no trade between countries
Specialization –
production of the good or service in which an individual, firm or country has a comparative advantage
Terms of Trade - the rate of exchange of one good or service for another when two countries trade with each other.
True/False: 1) Comparative advantage means the ability to produce a good or service at a lower opportunity cost than any other producer. True or False? 2) Specializing in the production of a good or service in which one has a comparative advantage enables a country to produce a combination of goods that lies outside its own production possibilities frontier. True or False? 3) Individuals who have never been the best at doing anything cannot have a comparative advantage in producing any product. True or False? 4) If Blake can pick more cherries in one hour than Cody, then Blake has a comparative advantage in cherry picking. True or False? 5) The basis for trade is absolute advantage, not comparative advantage. True or False? 6) If a country produces only two goods, then it is not possible to have a comparative advantage in the production of both those goods. True or False? 7) In a two-good, two country world, if one country has an absolute advantage in the production of both goods, it can still benefit by trading with the other country. True or False? 8) It is not possible to have a comparative advantage in producing a good or service without having an absolute advantage. True or False? Multiple Choice:
9) If you can produce more of something than others with the same resources, you have a comparative/absolute
advantage.
ECON 1011 Prof. Foster ©I. R. Foster 2 Problems & Graphing Questions: 1) Only two goods are produced in an economy: tanks and wheat. The table below identifies six possible combinations of tanks and wheat that can be produced given the currently available production technology and resources. All resources are fully utilized. Combination Tanks Produced Per Year Bushels of Wheat Produced Per Year A 0 1,000,000 B 1,000 950,000 C 2,000 850,000 D 3,000 700,000 E 4,000 400,000 F 5,000 0 a) Draw a production possibilities frontier based on the information in the table above. Place tanks on the X axis and wheat on the Y axis. Label the axes and the six points correctly. b) Fill-in-the-blanks and circle the correct answers
. The opportunity cost of moving from Point B to Point C is _
100,000
_________ tanks/bushels of wheat.
The opportunity cost of moving from Point D to Point E is __
300,000
________ tanks/bushels of wheat
. This PPF depicts increasing/constant
opportunity cost. Explain your choice. PPF is bowed out –
the opportunity cost of producing more of one good gets higher and higher c) Draw a new PPF on the graph to depict what would happen if there was an improvement in the technology for producing tanks. If the economy is originally at point D, would it now be able to produce more of wheat and tanks? Yes No
ECON 1011 Prof. Foster ©I. R. Foster 3 2) Consider the following data for the harvest of crabs versus the harvest of fish off the coast of Virginia: a) Graph the production possibilities frontier given in the table above with fish on the X axis and crabs on the Y axis. Label both axes and each of the combinations. b) If this economy is currently producing 30 crabs and 40 fish, is it possible for it to produce more of both? Yes, since the point is inside the PPF c) Explain how this economy might be able to produce 45 fish and 45 crabs? If there is an increase in resources or an improvement in technology d) Assume this economy could either be at Point B or Point C. From which of these points is it more costly to produce more crabs? Explain your answer. For each additional crab produced at point B, the opportunity cost is 1.33 fish. For each additional crab produced at point C, the opportunity cost is 2 fish. It is more costly to produce additional crabs from point C.
ECON 1011 Prof. Foster ©I. R. Foster 4 3) Suppose in the United States, the opportunity cost of producing a motor engine is 4 auto bodies. In Canada, the opportunity cost of producing a motor engine is 2 auto bodies. a. What is the opportunity cost of producing an auto body for the United States? ¼ of a motor engine
b. What is the opportunity cost of producing an auto body for Canada? ½ of a motor engine
c. Which country has a comparative advantage in the production of auto bodies? United States
d. Which country has a comparative advantage in the production of motor engines? Canada
4) In Italy, an automobile can be produced by 8 workers in one day, and a washing machine by 3 workers in one day. In the United States, an automobile can be produced by 6 workers in one day, and a washing machine by 2 workers in one day. Assume each country has 48 workers. a) Which country has an absolute advantage in the production of automobiles? US –
it takes only 6 workers to produce an automobile in the US than in Italy where it takes 8 workers b) Which country has a comparative advantage in the production of washing machines? The opportunity cost of producing a washing machine in Italy is 0.375 automobiles (can calculate as 3 workers/8 workers, or 6 automobiles/16 automobiles) The opportunity cost of producing a washing machine in the US is 0.33 automobiles (can calculate as 2 workers/6 workers, or 8 automobiles/24 automobiles) Therefore the US has a comparative advantage in the production of washing machines
5) The figure below shows the production possibilities frontier for Vidalia, a nation that produces two goods, roses and orchids. Another way to show this information: Production Possibilities Frontier Country Orchids (dozens) Roses (Dozens) Vidalia 80 200
ECON 1011 Prof. Foster ©I. R. Foster 5 Another way to show this information: Production Possibilities Frontier Possibilities Orchids (dozens) Roses (Dozens) A 0 200 B 20 150 C 40 100 D 60 50 E 80 0 a) What is the opportunity cost of one dozen orchids? Specify units correctly. 2.5 dozen roses
b) What is the opportunity cost of one dozen roses? Specify units correctly. 0.4 dozen orchids
c) Suppose Vidalia is currently producing 20 dozen orchids per period. How many roses is it also producing, assuming that resources are fully utilized? Calculate this number
. To produce 1 dozen orchids, 2.5 dozen roses are given up; so, to produce 20 dozen orchids, 50 dozen roses are given up. That means 200 - 50 = 150 dozen roses are being produced when 20 dozen orchids are also being produced. d) The linear production possibilities frontier indicates that the tradeoff between roses and orchids is constant/increasing
. 6) Refer to the information provided in the table below to answer the questions that follow.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Related Questions
The ________ production points on a production possibilities frontier are the points on and inside the production possibilities frontier.
attainable
unattainable
productively efficient
allocatively efficient
arrow_forward
Please fill in the blanks AND graph the new production line thank you
arrow_forward
Which point(s) are efficient? Briefly explain why.
B
Points A, B, C, and D because they are attainable.
Points B, C, and D because this is where maximum output is produced with available resources.
Point A because it is inside the production possibilities frontier.
Point E because it is where the most capital and consumption goods combined are produced.
A
D
Point B because it is where the most resources are used to produce capital goods.
Which point(s) are inefficient? Briefly explain why.
PPF
O A. Points B, C, and D because they are on the production possibilities frontier.
O B. Points B, C, D, and E because they are unattainable.
Consumption goods
O C. Points A, B, C, and D because they are attainable.
O D. Point E because it is unattainable.
OE. Point A because production there is not using all available resources.
At which point is the country's future growth rate likely to be the highest? Briefly explain why.
O A. Point E because it is where the production possibilities frontier…
arrow_forward
Using your own words, describe the law of increasing opportunity costs. Be sure to explain why this phenomenon occurs and how it helps to contribute to the shape of the production possibilities frontier.
arrow_forward
production possibility curve shows the possible combination of two goods with utilization of resources do you agree?
arrow_forward
#18 Which point represents a production possibility that is most efficient? *
A, because iPod Touches are cheaper to produce than iPhones.
F, because iPhones are more expensive for consumers to buy.
D, because there are an equal amount of iPod Touches and iPhones available to
consumers.
Any point on the curve, because all available resources are used fully.
Which point represents a production possibility that is possible but
inefficient?
A
E
* 1 pc
arrow_forward
1.1 Compare and contrast the terms Production Economics and Agricultural
Production Economics and further describe economic theories that apply to
Production Economics.
arrow_forward
Graphically show the production possibilities frontier for the nation of Stromboli, using the data given in the following table. Does the principle of increasing cost hold in Stromboli?
Stromboli’s 2019 Production Possibilities
Pizzas per Year Pizza Ovens per Year
75,000,000 0
60,000,000 6,000
45,000,000 11,000
30,000,000 15,000
15,000,000 18,000
0 20,000
arrow_forward
The following table shows how much wine and cloth can be produced
in Canada and in Portugal with the same amount of resource input. (
Ensure you put only the numbers, not the words 'cloth' and 'wine'
when entering your answer)
Wine
Cloth
(barrels)
(meters)
Canada
10
35
Portugal 50
116.5
1. The opportunity cost of 1 barrel of wine in Canada is? Number
2. The opportunity cost of 1 barrel of wine in Portugal is? Number
3. Portugal will export wine to Canada, if 1 barrel of wine can be
traded for more than how many meter(s) of cloth? Number
4. Canada will import wine from Portugal provided that 1 meter of
cloth trades for more than how many barrel(s) of wine? Number
5. If the international rate of exchange is 1 wine = 2.8 cloth can the
two countries trade with each other? (Enter 1 or 2: 1 = yes or 2 =
no) Number
arrow_forward
Suppose the United States produces only two goods: alfalfa and computers. The following graph shows the United States’s current production possibilities frontier, along with six output combinations represented by black points (plus symbols) labeled A to F.
Complete the following table by indicating whether each point represents output combinations that are inefficient, efficient, attainable, or unattainable. Check all that apply.
(refer to screenshot for table and graph)
arrow_forward
Q1:
The following schedule shows the combination of the total production of Aerospace production (Rockets) and agricultural production (Rice) in a specific country, assuming full use of economic resources:
Possibility
Rockets Production (X Axis)
Rice Production (Y Axis)
A
14
0
B
12
3
C
9
6
D
5
9
E
0
12
Answer the following questions:
Which points on the graph are attainable and efficient? (Why)
What is the opportunity cost of moving from point B to C?
(the opportunity cost of …………………… is …………………)
3. If the country had a loan from the world-bank and directed the loan to increase the agricultural production, show graphically how the PPF will change?
arrow_forward
Please help me
arrow_forward
A ng.cengage.com
+
Welcome to Johnston Community College
Bb Support Materials and Text Chapters Two and Three - ..
* MindTap - Cengage Learning
>>
CENGAGE MINDTAP
Q Search this course
Homework (Ch 02)
4. Shifts in production possibilities
Suppose Japan produces two types of goods: agricultural and capital. The following diagram shows its current production possibilities frontier for
wheat, an agricultural good, and cars, a capital good.
A-Z
Drag the production possibilities frontier (PPF) on the graph to show the effects of a technological advance in medicine that allows workers to live
longer and have extended careers.
Note: Select either end of the curve on the graph to make the endpoints appear. Then drag one or both endpoints to the desired position. Points will
snap into position, so if you try to move a point and it snaps back to its original position, just drag it a little farther.
(?)
360
300
PPF
240
180
At
120
60
PPF
10
20
30
40
50
60
WHEAT (Millions of bushels)
O 9 2 9 O E…
arrow_forward
Explain what is meant by the following statement, "an increase in productivity with respect to any one good increases our options for producing and consuming all other goods."
arrow_forward
Using the concept of production possibility curve, explain how it can be used to show the relationship between scarcity, choice, opportunity cost and efficiency .
arrow_forward
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
Principles of Economics 2e
Economics
ISBN:9781947172364
Author:Steven A. Greenlaw; David Shapiro
Publisher:OpenStax
Essentials of Economics (MindTap Course List)
Economics
ISBN:9781337091992
Author:N. Gregory Mankiw
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Related Questions
- The ________ production points on a production possibilities frontier are the points on and inside the production possibilities frontier. attainable unattainable productively efficient allocatively efficientarrow_forwardPlease fill in the blanks AND graph the new production line thank youarrow_forwardWhich point(s) are efficient? Briefly explain why. B Points A, B, C, and D because they are attainable. Points B, C, and D because this is where maximum output is produced with available resources. Point A because it is inside the production possibilities frontier. Point E because it is where the most capital and consumption goods combined are produced. A D Point B because it is where the most resources are used to produce capital goods. Which point(s) are inefficient? Briefly explain why. PPF O A. Points B, C, and D because they are on the production possibilities frontier. O B. Points B, C, D, and E because they are unattainable. Consumption goods O C. Points A, B, C, and D because they are attainable. O D. Point E because it is unattainable. OE. Point A because production there is not using all available resources. At which point is the country's future growth rate likely to be the highest? Briefly explain why. O A. Point E because it is where the production possibilities frontier…arrow_forward
- Using your own words, describe the law of increasing opportunity costs. Be sure to explain why this phenomenon occurs and how it helps to contribute to the shape of the production possibilities frontier.arrow_forwardproduction possibility curve shows the possible combination of two goods with utilization of resources do you agree?arrow_forward#18 Which point represents a production possibility that is most efficient? * A, because iPod Touches are cheaper to produce than iPhones. F, because iPhones are more expensive for consumers to buy. D, because there are an equal amount of iPod Touches and iPhones available to consumers. Any point on the curve, because all available resources are used fully. Which point represents a production possibility that is possible but inefficient? A E * 1 pcarrow_forward
- 1.1 Compare and contrast the terms Production Economics and Agricultural Production Economics and further describe economic theories that apply to Production Economics.arrow_forwardGraphically show the production possibilities frontier for the nation of Stromboli, using the data given in the following table. Does the principle of increasing cost hold in Stromboli? Stromboli’s 2019 Production Possibilities Pizzas per Year Pizza Ovens per Year 75,000,000 0 60,000,000 6,000 45,000,000 11,000 30,000,000 15,000 15,000,000 18,000 0 20,000arrow_forwardThe following table shows how much wine and cloth can be produced in Canada and in Portugal with the same amount of resource input. ( Ensure you put only the numbers, not the words 'cloth' and 'wine' when entering your answer) Wine Cloth (barrels) (meters) Canada 10 35 Portugal 50 116.5 1. The opportunity cost of 1 barrel of wine in Canada is? Number 2. The opportunity cost of 1 barrel of wine in Portugal is? Number 3. Portugal will export wine to Canada, if 1 barrel of wine can be traded for more than how many meter(s) of cloth? Number 4. Canada will import wine from Portugal provided that 1 meter of cloth trades for more than how many barrel(s) of wine? Number 5. If the international rate of exchange is 1 wine = 2.8 cloth can the two countries trade with each other? (Enter 1 or 2: 1 = yes or 2 = no) Numberarrow_forward
- Suppose the United States produces only two goods: alfalfa and computers. The following graph shows the United States’s current production possibilities frontier, along with six output combinations represented by black points (plus symbols) labeled A to F. Complete the following table by indicating whether each point represents output combinations that are inefficient, efficient, attainable, or unattainable. Check all that apply. (refer to screenshot for table and graph)arrow_forwardQ1: The following schedule shows the combination of the total production of Aerospace production (Rockets) and agricultural production (Rice) in a specific country, assuming full use of economic resources: Possibility Rockets Production (X Axis) Rice Production (Y Axis) A 14 0 B 12 3 C 9 6 D 5 9 E 0 12 Answer the following questions: Which points on the graph are attainable and efficient? (Why) What is the opportunity cost of moving from point B to C? (the opportunity cost of …………………… is …………………) 3. If the country had a loan from the world-bank and directed the loan to increase the agricultural production, show graphically how the PPF will change?arrow_forwardPlease help mearrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Principles of Economics 2eEconomicsISBN:9781947172364Author:Steven A. Greenlaw; David ShapiroPublisher:OpenStaxEssentials of Economics (MindTap Course List)EconomicsISBN:9781337091992Author:N. Gregory MankiwPublisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Economics 2e
Economics
ISBN:9781947172364
Author:Steven A. Greenlaw; David Shapiro
Publisher:OpenStax
Essentials of Economics (MindTap Course List)
Economics
ISBN:9781337091992
Author:N. Gregory Mankiw
Publisher:Cengage Learning