ESSAY

Royal Dutch Shell has been doing business in Nigeria since the 1920s, and has announced new plans to develop oil and gas projects there. However, over the years Shell has confronted a series of episodes involving country risk. Shell’s operations are centred in Nigeria’s Ogoni region, where the local citizens have protested Shell’s drilling and refining activities, which are said to spoil the natural environment and reduce the amount of available farmland. Protestors also accuse Shell of extracting wealth from the region without adequately compensating local residents. Ogonis sabotaged Shell’s operations to such an extent that the firm suspended parts of its Nigerian operations. Shell also came under pressure to divest its Nigerian operations and to pay reparations to the locals. What proactive steps can Shell take to anticipate future country risk? What should Shell do to deal more effectively with country risk?

Explanation with answer

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Sean is a community college student and has been saving his tips from his job waiting tables at a restaurant for months to see Hamilton. He is willing to pay $705 for a ticket. Anca has seen Hamilton five times already, but wants to see it again before heading to Europe for a month. She is willing to pay $1,250 for a ticket. There is one ticket left, and the seller is charging $700. Does Sean or Anca buying the ticket lead to a more economically efficient outcome?

After graduating, you start work as a management consultant. You are paid $210 per hour. One morning before work, you decide to buy a new car. You know the exact model you want, and you know that in your area the price ranges from $39,000 to $41,000, with the average price you can expect to pay being $40,000. You can choose among hundreds of dealers, but you don't know which dealer will give you the best price. Time is literally money, since every hour you spend searching is an hour you don't get paid. Each visit to a dealer takes an hour. Your expected marginal benefit of another search is the difference between the current dealer's offer and the average price. The first dealer you go to asks $40,500 for the car. Should you accept the price or keep searching? (Keep in mind that each visit to a dealer takes an hour.) Keep searching. Accept the price. Suppose you kept searching, and the next dealer you go to asks $40,150. Do you think you should accept this price or keep searching? O…

Case Study 1: Nancy is leading a Scrum project for her organization. The project is to create new software for the Accounting Department. She is meeting with Tom, the director for the accounting department and the project team members to discuss the requirements of the project. Tom, Nancy, and the project team have identified all the requirements that Tom would like the app to have, but now Nancy wants to organize the list of requirements in a prioritized view. Based on this scenario,What role does Tom play?What can the scrum team do to help Nancy and Tom at this point of the project?What is the list of requirements called?Who should be prioritizing the list of requirements in this scenario?Case Study 2: Jason is a project manager for his organization, and he’s been asked to lead an XP project. This project will create a new app to rate restaurants in an area based on how romantic the restaurant is for couples on dates. Jason is meeting with his organization’s client, Sara, to discuss…

Topic B Problem: Imagine you have two competing athletes who have the option to use an illegal and/or dangerous drug to enhance their performance (i.e., dope). If neither athlete dopes, then neither gains an advantage. If only one dopes, then that athlete gains a massive advantage over their competitor, reduced by the medical and legal risks of doping. However, if both athletes dope, the advantages cancel out, and only the risks remain, putting them both in a worse position than if neither had been doping. What class concept best describes this situation? Using this class concept, what outcome do we expect from these two athletes? Are there any factors that could change the outcome predicted by this course concept?

Note: this is an economics question. Game theory and Nash equilibria section.  *Discuss the attached case in terms of eBay's strategic move.

Economics Consider the ultimatum and dictator games. a) Briefly explain the general experimental findings about how individuals play these games. How do they compare with the game theoretic predictions? b) How do social preferences explain behavior in these experiments? c) Real world experiences have an impact on experimental behavior. Explain how real world experiences could affect behavior in each of theses experiments. d) Suppose that you would like to increase the amount that is sent in these experiments. Can you think of a way to to this? e) Suppose that individuals play first a dictator game and then an ultimatum game with the roles reversed, i.e. the sender in the dictator game is the receiver in the ultimatum game. Given what you know about individuals' behavior, how do think that players will play? Explain. you

Please no written by hand solutions Consider a game between two friends, Amy and Brenda. Amy wants Brenda to give her a ride to the mall. Brenda has no interest in going to the mall unless her favorite shoes are on sale at the large department store there. Amy likes these shoes as well, but she wants to go to the mall even if the shoes are not on sale. Only Amy subscribes to the newspaper, which carries a daily advertisement of the department store. The advertisement lists all items that are on sale, so Amy learns whether or not the shoes are on sale by showing the newspaper to Brenda. But this is costly for Amy, because she will have to take the newspaper away from her sister, who will yell at her later for doing so. In this game, nature first decides whether or not the shoes are on sale, and this information is made known to Amy (Amy observes whether nature chose S or N). Nature chooses S with probability p and N with probability 1-p. Then Amy decides whether or not to take the…

You have been assigned to create a new TV game show, and you have an interesting idea that you call, “I WANT TO BE A MILLIONAIRE.”  The basics are: 1) two contestants; 2) the show begins with each contestant being given $1 million (!); and then 3) they begin playing a game that can increase or decrease that $1 million. You worry that the initial outlay of $2 million will stun your producers, so you decide to prepare them with a simpler version of your game that you call: “I WANT $3.” There are four steps in this simpler game: There are two contestants/opponents (who do not know each other and cannot communicate with each other during the game). Each player is given $3 at the start of the game. Independently and simultaneously, each player must choose whether they want to add $0, $1, $2 or $3 to their initial stake of $3. Doing so reduces their opponent’s award by $0, $2, $4, or $6, respectively. Each player knows that their payoff at the end of the game is based on their initial $3,…

The city of Springfield lies at the east end of a railroad. To the west, there are one hundred miles of plains along which there are several towns-all connected to by rail. To the east of Springifeld are fifty miles of mountains, whose small villages are connected by a few winding dirt roads. The only factory in the region is in Springfield. It produces widgets at a cost of $20 per unit at the factory door. Thanks to the rail line, the transport cost to anywhere west of Springfield is $0.4 per mile. Given the poor state of the roads through the mountains, the transport costs to anywhere east of Springfield is $0.8 per mile. A) Graph the costs of widgets produced throughout the entire 150-mile region. Carefully label the costs at the factory, at the far western end of the region, and at the far eastern end of the region. B) Assume that the cost of making a widget at home is $44. What is the market area for the factory? (That is, how many miles west of Springfield will it stretch,…

Jane and Bill are apprehended for a bank robbery. They are taken into separate rooms and questioned by the police about their involvement in the crime. The police tell them each that if they confess and turn the other person in, they will receive a lighter sentence. If they both confess, they will each be sentenced to 30 years. If neither confesses, they will each receive a 20-year sentence. If only one confesses, the confessor will receive 15 years and the one who stayed silent will receive 35 years. The table below represents the choices available to Jane and Bill. If Jane trusts Bill to stay silent, what should she do? If Jane thinks that Bill will confess, what should she do? Does Jane have a dominant strategy?  A = Confess;  B = Stay Silent. (Each results entry lists Janes sentence first (in years), and Bill's sentence second.)            A A    (30,30)      A B  (35,15)        B A    (15, 35)   B B  (20, 20)

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic forced many companies to conduct business remotely rather than in office buildings. In many cases, these companies found it more cost-effective to remain working remotely after the pandemic. Fees for building rentals, electricity, and other expenses are not present when employees work from their homes. One challenge faced by this change in business practice is communication. Employees can no longer walk across the hall, or peek over their cubicle walls, to ask for clarification from their coworker about an issue. More Sunny Day Technology took advantage of this situation to develop and market new computer software to help corporations develop effective communication between virtual employees. Use the knowledge you’ve gained in this and previous Units to answer the following questions. Support your response by providing examples and details. How can More Sunny Day Technology Company market the right price for its new product? How can you comprehend…

Refer to the images 'Facebook versus Google Plus'. And answer the question below Why did Google Plus fail as a social networking site?

Suppose research at Panasonic reveals that prospective buyers are anxious about buying high definition television sets. What strategies might you recommend to the company to reduce consumer anxiety

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic forced many companies to conduct business remotely rather than in office buildings. In many cases, these companies found it more cost-effective to remain working remotely after the pandemic. Fees for building rentals, electricity, and other expenses are not present when employees work from their homes. One challenge faced by this change in business practice is communication. Employees can no longer walk across the hall, or peek over their cubicle walls, to ask for clarification from their coworkers about an issue. Sunny Day Technology took advantage of this situation to develop and market new computer software to help corporations develop effective communication between virtual employees. Use the knowledge you’ve gained in this and previous Units to answer the following questions. Support your response by providing examples and details. How can More Sunny Day Technology Company market the right price for its new product?   How can you comprehend…

Fly by night over Uttar Pradesh in northern India, the country’s most populous state, and its cities appear as dazzling islands. In between, however, lies an inky sea. Perhaps two-thirds of Uttar Pradesh’s 200 million people have no regular electricity. In India, 700 million, or more than half of the population, suffer unreliable connections to the national grid, or none. Often, once the sun drops, darkness prevails. On paper, plans exist for linking the country’s northern and southern grids. That would help, yet nobody expects rural India to be properly plugged in for a long time yet. Meanwhile, the villagers soldier on with paraffin lamps, which harm lungs and emit a dim light that is of little use for school homework. Also, darkness breeds danger, so women stay home after the sun goes down. A lack of electricity limits business, as markets and shops close early. Banks have been ordered to reach villages and provide basic financial services, but they need electricity to do so. And…

QUESTION 9 Currently internet scammers steal an estimated $81million per year from the Australian public. While the majority of the scammed funds leave Australia, around 30% of the stolen funds remain in the country. The Australian government has decided to add a specialised task force to the current government program to tackle internet scammers. This will increase the cost of the program from $1.5million per year to $2.5million per year. The additional resources are expected to reduce the amount of scams on the Australian public by an estimated $1million per year. What is the net social benefit resulting from the added specialised task force? = $ million. Provide a detailed explanation of the considerations in your decision. What are the implications of this policy from an ethical and social perspective. Provide a detailed answer in your spreadsheet = Provide a detailed explanation of your approach to this question in your spreadsheet.

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Two parties, Juan and Ben, have been negotiating the purchase by Ben of Juan's car. Juan receives a new and higher bid for his car from Adriana. How might Adriana's bid change Juan and Ben's threat values?     The threat values are unchanged.     Juan now values the car at the price of Adriana's bid, her bid is his opportunity cost of selling the car to Ben, and that opportunity cost is Juan's new threat value.     Juan's new threat value is the product of the difference between Ben and Adriana's offers and the probability the car will be sold to Adriana.     Juan's threat value is unchanged, but Ben has to consider his new opportunity cost

Suppose you executed the following trade (strategy): Sell 1 XYZ straddle (X= R55) @R6.50 All options have identical expiration dates 1. What is the cost of initiating such a strategy? 2. Graphically depict a fully-labeled Profit and Loss diagram of the overall strategy highlighting the break- even points, maximum potential profit and maximum potential loss.

JetBlue and Delta are the only two major airlines with regularly scheduled service between New York and Nantucket. There are 900 potential passengers every week, each of whom is willing to pay up to $400 for a ticket. Since the two airlines provide an essentially identical (bad) service, customers simply prefer to buy from the cheaper one. (If they charge the same price, then they will split the market equally.) Each airline can transport at most 1200 passengers each week. You can safely assume that each airline spends literal peanuts (i.e., zero) serving passengers; however, each passenger displaces air cargo that is worth $160 in profits to the carriers. Suppose that each airline takes a short-run perspective and only wants to maximize each week's profits, and that neither one would consider shutting down the route in the foreseeable future. (a) What is the appropriate economic model to study price competition in this market? (b) If you use Nash equilibrium to make a prediction, what…

JetBlue and Delta are the only two major airlines with regularly scheduled service between New York and Nantucket. There are 900 potential passengers every week, each of whom is willing to pay up to $400 for a ticket. Since the two airlines provide an essentially identical (bad) service, customers simply prefer to buy from the cheaper one. (If they charge the same price, then they will split the market equally.) Each airline can transport at most 1200 passengers each week. You can safely assume that each airline spends literal peanuts (i.e., zero) serving passengers; however, each passenger displaces air cargo that is worth $160 in profits to the carriers. Suppose that each airline takes a short-run perspective and only wants to maximize each week's profits, and that neither one would consider shutting down the route in the foreseeable future. (a) What is the appropriate economic model to study price competition in this market? (b) If you use Nash equilibrium to make a prediction, what…

JetBlue and Delta are the only two major airlines with regularly scheduled service between New York and Nantucket. There are 900 potential passengers every week, each of whom is willing to pay up to $400 for a ticket. Since the two airlines provide an essentially identical (bad) service, customers simply prefer to buy from the cheaper one. (If they charge the same price, then they will split the market equally.) Each airline can transport at most 1200 passengers each week. You can safely assume that each airline spends literal peanuts (i.e., zero) serving passengers; however, each passenger displaces air cargo that is worth $160 in profits to the carriers. Suppose that each airline takes a short-run perspective and only wants to maximize each week’s profits, and that neither one would consider shutting down the route in the foreseeable future.   a) What is the appropriate economic model to study price competition in this market, and why?   b) If you use Nash equilibrium to make a…

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Bevan’s Cycles, a chain of bike shops that were early adopters of an online business model, are trying to improve customer satisfaction from bike purchases. To do so, they are considering setting up a ‘fitting service’ to help customers get the perfect fit on their bikes, thus reducing bicycles returned. The way the service would operate is that customers will book a session with a ‘fitting expert’. This will involve the customer coming into the shop where they will be filmed riding a stationary bike (like you get at the gym) and then the film will be analysed by a computer system to give them the perfect fitting bike. At each bike shop, this will entail a fixed cost for installing the computer system for analysing each customer and a marginal cost for training each member of staff. The head office sets a budget of £10,000 if 2 members of staff are trained, and for the bigger stores £12,000 if 3 members of staff are trained. The total expense for this must be incurred in a single year.…

Evolutionary game theory provides a framework for understanding the emergence of preferences and behavior. Why are theoretical methodologies that employ the rational actor model an evolutionary stable strategy for economists?