ECON 304 Exam 2 Prep

The following table gives the quantity of money demanded at various price levels (P), the money demand schedule. In the following table, fill in the column labeled Value of Money. Quantity of Money Demanded Price Level (P) Value of Money (1/P) 1.00 1.00 (Billions of dollars) 2.0 1.33 0.75 2.00 0.50 4.00 0.25 2.5 4.0 8.0 ما Now consider the relationship between the quantity of money that people demand and the price level. The lower the price level, the less required to complete transactions, and the more money people will want to hold in the form of currency or demand deposits. money

What shifts on the graph provided? 1st Blank options are greater or less  2nd Blank options are increase or decrease  3rd Blank options are buy or sell  4th Blank options are have to offer higher or can offer lower  5th Blank what's the interest rate?

> Question 13 You have been given the banking and financial data in the following table. Your boss wants you to calculate the M1 money multiplier (using the U.S. laws and regulations) but forgets to tell you which year the data pertain to. You call your boss and she tells you that the data is for 2018. In that case, you calculate the following for your boss: Currency in Circulation $100 Demand Deposits $1,000 Savings Deposits $4,400 Small Time Deposits (Less than $100,000) $2,000 Large Time Deposits (Greater than $100,000) $4,000 Money Market Mutual Funds Deposits Owned by Individuals $1,000 Money Market Mutual Funds Deposits Owned by Institutions $5,000 Total Reserves in the Banking System $2,100 O a. m = 0.30 O b. m = 0.50 O c. m = 0.75 d. m = 1.50 O e. m = 2.50

The following diagram shows the Money Market for a hypothetical economy. Suppose that the economy begins with a Money Supply (Ms) of $300 million, and an equilibrium interest rate of 5.0%. Finally suppose that the required reserve ratio (rr) is 15%. Use the scenario to answer Questions 10 to 13. Interest rates (i) 5.5% 5% 4.5% Ms O increase the money supply $10 million O increase the money supply $100 million O decrease the money supply $300 million O decrease the money supply $200 million O decrease the money supply $100 million $200 $300 $350 Mp Quantity of Money (millions) Suppose that the Central Bank wished to raise the equilibrium interest rate up to 5.5%. In order to achieve this, it would need I to

Consider a banking system where the Federal Reserve uses required reserves to control the money supply. (This was the case in the U.S. prior to 2008.) Assume that banks do not hold excess reserves and that households do not hold currency, so the only form of money is demand deposits. To simplify the analysis, suppose the banking system has total reserves of $300. Determine the money multiplier and the money supply for each reserve requirement listed in the following table. Reserve Requirement Money Supply (Percent) Simple Money Multiplier (Dollars) 5 10 A higher reserve requirement is associated with a money supply. Suppose the Federal Reserve wants to increase the money supply by $200. Again, you can assume that banks do not hold excess reserves and that households do not hold currency. If the reserve requirement is 10%, the Fed will use open-market operations to 2$ worth of U.S. government bonds. Now, suppose that, rather than immediately lending out all excess reserves, banks begin…

2. Money supply, money demand, and adjustment to monetary equilibrium The following table gives the quantity of money demanded at various price levels (P), the money demand schedule. In the following table, fill in the column labeled Value of Money. Quantity of Money Demanded Price Level (P) Value of Money (1/P) (Billions of dollars) 1.00 1.00 1.33 0.75 2.00 0.50 4.00 0.25 1.5 2.0 3.5 7.0 Now consider the relationship between the quantity of money that people demand and the price level. The lower the price level, the less required to complete transactions, and the less money people will want to hold in the form of currency or demand deposits. Assume that the Federal Reserve initially fixes the quantity of money supplied at $3.5 billion. Use the orange line (square symbol) to plot the initial money supply (MS₁) set by the Fed. Then, referring to the previous table, use the blue connected points (circle symbol) to graph the money demand curve. money

The following graph shows the money market in a hypothetical economy. The central bank in this economy is called the Fed. Assume that the Fed fixes the quantity of money supplied. Suppose the price level increases from 150 to 175. Shift the appropriate curve on the graph to show the impact of an increase in the overall price level on the market for money. INTEREST RATE (Percent) 18 15 12 60 3 0 0 15 Money Supply Money Demand 30 45 60 MONEY (Billions of dollars) 75 90 Money Demand Money Supply (?) After the increase in the price level, the quantity of money demanded at the initial interest rate of 9% will be supplied by the Fed at this interest rate. People will try to other interest-bearing assets, and bond issuers will find that they equilibrium at an interest rate of % than the quantity of money bonds and interest rates until the money market reaches its new their money holdings. In order to do so, people will

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The following table shows the quantity of money supplied and the quantity of money demanded for various interest rates. Interest Rate (Percent) Demand for Money (Billions of dollars) Supply of Money (Billions of dollars) 11 50 250 9 150 250 7 250 250 5 350 250 3 450 250 The following graph depicts the money supply curve in orange. On the graph, use the blue points (circle symbol) to graph the money demand, and the black point (plus symbol) to signify the initial equilibrium point in the market. Next, shift the money supply curve to show the affects of a $200 billion increase in the money supply. Then, plot the point corresponding to the new equilibrium point using the purple point (diamond symbol). 13 MS 12 11 10 INTEREST RATE (Percent) + 5 M 9 3 2 MS Money Demand Equilibrium Equilibrium,

Suppose that the Federal Reserve has set a reserve requirement of 10 percent and that banks will not hold any excess reserves. a) If the Federal Reserve conducts open market operations and sells $1 million worth of government bonds to the public, by how much will the money supply decrease? b) Now suppose the Federal Reserve lowers the reserve requirement to 5 percent, but all banks choose to hold an additional 5 percent of deposits as excess reserves. How will this change affect the money supply? Explain.

TOPIC: A possible break in the Note: everything you need will be in the picture

Don’t know if my answers are right

Please answer everything in the photos including both of the graphs.

would appreciate help with the following questions thank you

Let us pretend that you are the director of monetary affairs for the Fed and you just got authority to pay interest on excess reserves.  The initial conditions in the reserve and money markets, before the authority was granted are as follows: rr = .10 C = 200  D = 4000  ER = 00 a) Show all of your work. i) Calculate the MB. ii) Calculate the money multiplier. iii) What is the money supply (use mm x MB to calculate this)? b)  If Rd= 407.5 – 50 iff,given the information above, what is the market clearing federal funds rate?  Show all of your work  Draw a reserve market diagram depicting exactly what is going on here! Label this initial equilibrium point as point A. (10 points for correct and completely labeled diagram)  c) So you get this authority and decide, along with the FOMC, that the most appropriate rate to pay on excess reserves would be 20 basis points (0.20%).  Given these new conditions, explain what would happen reserve demand and why.  You don't need to derive an…

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6. Targeting the money supply or interest rates The following graph shows an increase in the demand for money from 2020 (MD2020 to 2021 ( MD202) caused by an increase in aggregate output. The initial equilibrium interest rate in 2020 was Suppose the Federal Reserve (the Fed) chooses not to alter the money supply between 2020 and 2021. On the following graph, use the grey point (star symbol) to indicate the equilibrium interest rate and quantity of money that would result from this lack of intervention. NOMINAL INTEREST RATE (Percent) 6.50 Money Supply 6.25 6.00 5.75 5.50 5.25 5.00 4.75 4.50 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 14 1.5 QUANTITY OF MONEY (Trillions of dollars) MD 2021 MD 2020 No Intervention New MS Curve + With Intervention Suppose the Fed wants to keep 2021 interest rates at their 2020 level. On the previous graph, place the green line (triangle symbols) to indicate the new money supply curve if the Fed follows this policy. Then use the black point (plus symbol) to indicate the…

Question 2 If reserves increase, banks have the ability to make more loans, which as we have seen would increase the money supply. Suppose the Fed uses open market operations to add $1 million in reserves to the banking system, and all banks keep a ratio of reserves to deposits of 20%. Then according to the money multiplier formula, by how much will the money supply ultimately increase? (Answer in millions, to the nearest .1 million if your answer is not an integer.) Your Answer: Answer D View hint for Question 2 Question 3 (. Chapter 11 mentions that in the past the Fed did not pay interest on accounts that banks kept with it, but that since 2008 it has paid interest on these accounts. Does the Fed paying interest have any effect on the ratio of reserves to deposits that banks choose to hold? Does it increase the reserve ratio, decrease it, or have no effect on it? Explain briefly. (Graded for participation only.)

The Monetary Policy (Chapter 15) 1.1 Does the money demand curve have a positive slope or a negative slope? Why does it have this slope? Explain why an increase in the variable on the vertical axis of the money demand curve causes either an increase or a decrease in the variable on the horizontal axis of the money demand curve.

Using the table below, answer the questions below about the market for money: Nominal Interest Rate Money Demanded (Trillion $) 10% $0.00 9% $1.00 8% $2.00 7% $3.00 6% $4.00 5% $5.00 4% $6.00 3% $7.00 2% $8.00     a. Construct a graph of the market for money using the table above, where the money supply is $5 trillion. What is the equilibrium nominal interest rate? b. If the federal reserve wants to target a nominal interest rate of 6% will they have to increase or decrease the money supply? What will the new money supply be?

On the following graph, MS represents the money supply and MD represents money demand. VALUE OF MONEY 0.45 5000 MS MS 9000 QUANTITY OF MONEY MD Refer to Figure 31-3. Suppose the relevant money-supply curve is the one labeled MS1; also suppose the economy's real GDP is $25,000 for the year. If the market for money is in equilibrium, then the velocity of money is approximately 1.7. 8.3. 2.2. 0.6.

5. Fiscal policy, the money market, and aggregate demand Suppose there is some hypothetical economy in which households spend $0.50 of each additional dollar they earn and save the $0.50 they have left over. The following graph plots the economy's initial aggregate demand curve (AD₁). Suppose now that the government increases its purchases by $3.5 billion. Use the green line (triangle symbol) on the following graph to show the aggregate demand curve (AD₂) after the multiplier effect takes place. Hint: Be sure the new aggregate demand curve (AD₂) is parallel to AD₁. You can see the slope of AD₁ by selecting it on the following graph. PRICE LEVEL 116 114 112 110 108 106 104 102 100 AD₁ 100 102 104 106 108 110 OUTPUT (Billions of dollars) 112 114 116 AD₂ $3 AD₂

The following graph shows an increase in the demand for money from 2013 (MD2013) to 2014 (MD2014) caused by an increase in aggregate output. 5.00% 5.25% The initial equilibrium interest rate in 2013 was Suppose the Federal Reserve (the Fed) chooses not to alter the money supply between 2013 and 2014. On the following graph, use the grey point (star symbol) to indicate the equilibrium interest rate and quantity of money that would result from this lack of intervention. NOMINAL INTEREST RATE (Percent) 6.25 6.00 5.75 5.50 5.25 5.00 4.75 4.50 4.25 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 QUANTITY OF MONEY (Trillions of dollars) Because Money Supply 1.5 B MD MD 2013 Suppose the Fed wants to keep 2014 interest rates at their 2013 level. 2014 ☆ No Intervention New MS Curve With Intervention 5.50% 5.75% 6.00% ? A-rapidly increasing the money supply causes hyperinflati investment responds to changes in the interest rate markets prefer low inflation to stable interest rates On the previous graph, place the green…

Question 2 on Topic 5  Most people in the country of Classica tend to keep $3 out of every $100 of their cash holdings in their wallets. The central bank has instructed the commercial banks to also hold 4% of all bank deposits as reserves. Calculate the extended money multiplier                       Suppose that in 2018 customers deposit $4,000 into their bank accounts. Based on the extended money multiplier calculated in part (i), calculate the total amount which the money supply in the banking system will eventually increase to. Show all steps involved in the calculation.                               In which situation can the simple money multiplier value equal that of the extended money multiplier value? Justify your answer with a numerical example.

CENGAGE | MINDTAP Homework (Ch 21) The following graph represents the money market in a hypothetical economy. As in the United States, this economy has a central bank called the Fed, but unlike in the United States, the economy is closed (that is, the economy does not interact with other economies in the world). The money market is currently in equilibrium at an interest rate of 6% and a quantity of money equal to $0.4 trillion, as indicated by the grey star. 8.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 PRICE LEVEL 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 0 Money Demand 0.1 Money Supply 02 0.3 04 0.5 0.6 0.7 MONEY (Trillions of dollars) 0.8 New MS Curve ++ Suppose the Fed announces that it is lowering its target interest rate by 75 basis points, or 0.75 percentage point. To do this, the Fed will use open- market operations to the money by the public. New Equilibrium Use the green line (triangle symbol) on the previous graph to illustrate the effects of this policy by placing the new money supply curve (MS) in the correct location.…

The following graph plots equilibrium in the money market at an interest rate of 7.5% and a quantity of money equal to $45 billion. Show the impact of the increase in government purchases on the interest rate by shifting one or both of the curves on the following graph. INTEREST RATE 15.0 12.5 10.0 7.5 5.0 2.5 0 0 15 Money Supply known as the Money Demand 30 45 60 MONEY (Billions of dollars) 75 90 Money Demand Money Supply ? Suppose that for every increase in the interest rate of one percentage point, the level of investment spending declines by $0.5 billion. Based on the changes made to the money market in the previous scenario, the new interest rate causes the level of investment spending to by Taking the multiplier effect into account, the change in investment spending will cause the quantity of output demanded to by at every price level. The impact of an increase in government purchases on the interest rate and the level of investment spending is effect. Use the purple line…

The following table gives the quantity of money demanded at various price levels (P), the money demand schedule. In the following table, fill in the column labeled Value of Money. Price Level (P) Value of Money (1/P) 0.80 1.00 1.33 2.00 Quantity of Money Demanded (Billions of dollars) 2.0 2.5 4.0 8.0 Now consider the relationship between the quantity of money that people demand and the price level. The lower the price level, the required to complete transactions, and the money people will want to hold in the form of currency or demand deposits. Assume that the Federal Reserve initially fixes the quantity of money supplied at $2.5 billion. money Use the orange line (square symbol) to plot the initial money supply (MS₁) set by the Fed. Then, referring to the previous table, use the blue connected points (circle symbol) to graph the money demand curve.

In 2019, a Federal reserve publications stated: " The federal reserve can no longer effectively influence the FFR by small changes in the supply of reserves." Is this statement true? 1. No, since the 2007-2009 financial crises, the Fed has fixed the FFR to match the level of reserves held in the banking system.  2.  Yes, since the 2007-2009 financial crises, banks have held substantial excess reserves so small changes in reserves by the Fed do not significantly influence the FFR  3. No, the FFR always reacts to the level of reserves, so any changes in reserves by the Fed will impact the FFR 4. Yes, since the 2007-2009 financial crises, banks have stopped holding excess reserves altogether so small changes in reserves have no impact on the FFR