Advmacro hw (10)
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Game Theory Homework - Set 2
Instructions: Please choose the correct option (A, B, C, or D) for each question.
In game theory, what is the "dominant strategy"?
A. A strategy that guarantees the best possible outcome for a player.
B. A strategy that is always selected by rational players.
C. A strategy that leads to a Nash equilibrium.
D. A strategy that involves randomizing choices.
What is a "pure strategy" in game theory?
A. A strategy that is always optimal for a player.
B. A strategy that combines elements of cooperation and competition.
C. A strategy that involves randomizing choices.
D. A specific, well-defined plan of action in a game.
The "Tragedy of the Commons" is often analyzed using which game theory concept?
A. Sequential games
B. Repeated games
C. Public goods game
D. Chicken game
In a coordination game, what is the main challenge for players?
A. Choosing different strategies to maximize individual payoffs.
B. Aligning strategies to achieve the best collective outcome.
C. Maximizing individual payoffs without considering others.
D. Randomizing choices to confuse opponents.
What does the concept of "Pareto efficiency" signify in game theory?
A. A situation where all players have equal payoffs.
B. A situation where no player can be made better off without making another worse off.
C. A situation where players maximize their own payoffs without considering others.
D. A situation where players make simultaneous decisions.
The "Centipede Game" is an example of:
A. A coordination game.
B. A sequential game.
C. A public goods game.
D. A zero-sum game.
What is a "subgame" in game theory?
A. A stage of the game that is not analyzed independently.
B. A game played by a subset of the original players.
C. A part of a sequential game starting from a decision node.
D. A game with no clear equilibrium.
In a repeated game, what strategy encourages cooperation among players?
A. Tit-for-tat
B. Minimax strategy
C. Nash equilibrium
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Related Questions
What is the Nash Equilibrium in a game? A. A situation where all players cooperate for maximum gain B. A situation where no player can improve their outcome by changing their strategy unilaterally C. A situation where players always choose the same strategy D. A situation where players randomly select strategies
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Look at the attached table.
A. What are the Nash equilibrium to this game (if there are any)?
B. Are any of the Nash equilibrium efficient? If yes, which one(s)? If any are inefficient, explain why.
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Answer all the questions, show all the working.
Consider the following game in normal form.
Not cooperate
Cooperate
Not cooperate
20,20
50,0
Cooperate
0,50
40,40
What is Nash equilibrium? Is it efficient? Why?
What needs to be complied with so that the players would like to cooperate? What happens when one of the players does not cooperate? Why? Define trigger strategy.
Calculate the discount factor (δ) that would make both players decide to cooperate.
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In a game, a Nash equilibrium is reached only if the players ________.
a.
understand the game and the payoffs associated with each strategy
b.
use backward induction to develop their strategies
c.
follow a mixed strategy
d.
have no best response for the choices made by other players
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1. With nash equilibrium, do you always choose the optimal strategy?
2. Can a game have more than one nash equilibrium?
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Use the following extensive-form game to answer the following questions. a. List the feasible strategies for player 1 and player 2. b. Identify the Nash equilibria to this game. c. Find the subgame perfect equilibrium.
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If no individuals prefer a
different choice during games,
it is known as
Select one:
a. Nash equilibrium
b. Opponent win
c. Optimal decision
d. Strategic decision
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QUESTION 2
Which of the following statements about a Nash equilibrium is not correct?
A.
For each finite noncoopertiave game there always exists a pure strategy Nash equilibrium.
B.
A game has at least two players.
C.
Each player plays a best response to opponents' Nash strategies.
D.
No player has a profitable unilateral deviation.
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9. Little Kona is a small coffee company that is consider-
ing entering a market dominated by Big Brew. Each
company's profit depends on whether Little Kona
enters and whether Big Brew sets a high price or a low
price:
Little
Kona
Enter
Don't
Enter
High Price
Kona makes
$2 million
Kona makes
zero
Big Brew
Brew makes
$3 million
Brew makes
$7 million
Kona loses
$1 million
Low Price
Kona makes
zero
Brew makes
$1 million
Brew makes
$2 million
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1. A game may have more than one Nash equilibrium.
T/F ?
2. A game has always at least one pure strategy Nash equilibrium.
T/F?
3. A situation where everyone is playing a dominant strategy must be a Nash equilibrium.
T/F?
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8) Consider the following game:
There are 10 players. Each player is asked to write a number between 0 and 100.
The player whose choice is closest to half of the average is the winner.
Describe the game and discuss what would you expect to be the average number
if the game were played in class with your colleagues. Do you expect them to play
the Nash equilibrium strategy? Explain.
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Sam and Sarah are thinking about getting married. However if either of them cheats on the other, they would get a payoff of 10, while the other person gets zero. If neither cheat, they stay with each other and get a payoff of 7 each and if both cheat, the relationship falls apart and each get a payoff of 1.
What is the Nash equilibrium of this game?
a. Cheat, Cheat
b. Not cheat, Not cheat
Sam cheats, Sarah doesn't
Sarah cheats, Sam doesn't
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Identify a real-world situation in which you see game theory/strategic behavior in action.
Explain the game: Who are the players ? What are the strategies they have at their disposal? How are payoffs determined? What, if any, is the Nash equilibrium?
Note, this article from Up Journey might help you come up with an example: https://upjourney.com/game-theory-examples-in-real-life
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Note: this is an economics question. Game theory and Nash equilibria section.
*Discuss the attached case in terms of eBay's strategic move.
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a. How many proper subgames does this dynamic game have? Explain
briefly.
b. Is it a game of perfect or imperfect information? Explain briefly.
c. What is the subgame-perfect equilibrium of this game? Show that it is
unique.
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1. Consider the following N-player game. Each agent has a choice of strategy A or B.
The state variable is x, the proportion of agents choosing strategy A. For every
agent, the utility of choosing strategy A is U(A) = 10 +2x and the utility of
choosing strategy B is U(B) = 10+3x. What is the Nash equilibrium to this
game? Explain.
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Which of the following statements about a Nash equilibrium is not correct?
A. Each player plays a best response to opponents' Nash strategies.
B. No player has a profitable unilateral deviation.
C. For each finite noncoopertiave game there always exists a pure strategy Nash equilibrium.
D. A game has at least two players.
Which one of the following statements is incorrect?
A. For dynamic games with complete information, not all subgame perfect Nash equilibrium points can be found by backward induction.
B. A finite dynamic game with complete information may also have a normal form representation.
C. A finite static game with complete information may not have a pure strategy Nash equilibrium.
D. A finite static game with complete information cannot have an extensive form representation.
Which one of the following statements is correct?
A. A supergame cannot have any subgame perfect Nash equilibrium.
B. A supergame can only have finite number of subgame perfect Nash…
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Quick Lesson in Game Theory
A Nash Equilibrium is an outcome in which neither player is better off by changing their strategy.
2.7 Is a Dominant Strategy equilibrium also a Nash equilibrium?
a) Yes
b) No
The Ice Cream Guys
$3.99
$4.99
Chucky's
Chunky
CCT: $20,000
$3.99 ICG: $20,000
CCT: $60,000
ICG: $10,000
CCT: $10,000
$4.99 ICG: $60,000
CCT: $40,000
ICG: $40,000
Treats
The table above is the payoff matrix for the annual profit of the only two ice-cream-truck firms
operating in Beach City. They are deciding the price of an ice cream cone.
2.8 What is Chucky's dominant strategy?
a) $3.99
b) $4.99
c) Not enough information
2.9 What is the dominant strategy equilibrium in this situation?
a) Both charge $3.99
b) Both charge $4.99
c) CCT charges $3.99 and ICG charges $4.99
d) CCT charges $4.99 and ICG charges $3.99
2.10 Suppose these two firms engaged in collusion (which, of course, totally doesn't happen because it
is against the law). Which outcome would they agree upon, if any?
a) Both…
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8
Please use the game theory matrix to answer the following question
We have 110,000 Homes
• The low price is $79.95 and the high price is 10% more
• Set up fees of $49.50 + $6.50 per subscriber
The company's profit is based on its price and its competitor’s price:
What is the contribution margin per house in each scenario?
*Contribution margin = Price – total costs
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5. When McDonald's Corp. reduced the price of its Big Mac by 75 percent if customers also purchased French fries and a soft drink, The Wall Street Journal reported that the company was hoping the novel promotion would revive its U.S. sales growth. It didn't. Within two weeks sales had fallen. Using your knowledge of game theory, what do you think disrupted Mcdonald's plans?
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What is the Nash Equilibrium of the following game?
|0, 0
Up
Down
3, 2
|2, 1
3, 1
2, 6
4, 2
5,5
10, 0
a. (Down, D)
b. (Down, C)
c. (Up, A)
d. (Up, B)
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Aedri
Quick Lesson in Game Theory
A Nash Equilibrium is an outcome in which neither player is better off by changing their strategy.
2.7 Is a Dominant Strategy equilibrium also a Nash equilibrium?
a) Yes
b) No
esc
The Ice Cream Guys
$3.99
$4.99
+
Chucky's
Chunky
CCT: $20,000
$3.99 ICG: $20,000
CCT: $60,000
ICG: $10,000
tab
Treats
CCT: $10,000
$4.99 ICG: $60,000
CCT: $40,000
ICG: $40,000
The table above is the payoff matrix for the annual profit of the only two ice-cream-truck firms
operating in Beach City. They are deciding the price of an ice cream cone.
%3D
caps lo
2.8 What is Chucky's dominant strategy?
a) $3.99
b) $4.99
c) Not enough information
hift
2.9 What is the dominant strategy equilibrium in this situation?
a) Both charge $3.99
b) Both charge $4.99
c) CCT charges $3.99 and ICG charges $4.99
d) CCT charges $4.99 and ICG charges $3.99
2.10 Suppose these two firms engaged in collusion (which, of course, totally doesn't happen because it
is against the law). Which outcome would…
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No written by hand solution
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sub question : a, b, c
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What term refers to the optimal action that a player can take, regardless of the opponents' actions?
Oa Nash strategy
a payoff strategy
a cooperative strategy
a dominant strategy
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Question 2
This is game theory. (c,c), (c,d), (d,c) are efficient, why? Definition:An outcome is Pareto efficient if there is no other outcome that increases at least one player's payoff without decreasing anyone else's
Full explain this question and text typing work only
We should answer our question within 2 hours takes more time then we will reduce Rating Dont ignore this line
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Related Questions
- What is the Nash Equilibrium in a game? A. A situation where all players cooperate for maximum gain B. A situation where no player can improve their outcome by changing their strategy unilaterally C. A situation where players always choose the same strategy D. A situation where players randomly select strategiesarrow_forwardLook at the attached table. A. What are the Nash equilibrium to this game (if there are any)? B. Are any of the Nash equilibrium efficient? If yes, which one(s)? If any are inefficient, explain why.arrow_forwardAnswer all the questions, show all the working. Consider the following game in normal form. Not cooperate Cooperate Not cooperate 20,20 50,0 Cooperate 0,50 40,40 What is Nash equilibrium? Is it efficient? Why? What needs to be complied with so that the players would like to cooperate? What happens when one of the players does not cooperate? Why? Define trigger strategy. Calculate the discount factor (δ) that would make both players decide to cooperate.arrow_forward
- In a game, a Nash equilibrium is reached only if the players ________. a. understand the game and the payoffs associated with each strategy b. use backward induction to develop their strategies c. follow a mixed strategy d. have no best response for the choices made by other playersarrow_forward1. With nash equilibrium, do you always choose the optimal strategy? 2. Can a game have more than one nash equilibrium?arrow_forwardUse the following extensive-form game to answer the following questions. a. List the feasible strategies for player 1 and player 2. b. Identify the Nash equilibria to this game. c. Find the subgame perfect equilibrium.arrow_forward
- If no individuals prefer a different choice during games, it is known as Select one: a. Nash equilibrium b. Opponent win c. Optimal decision d. Strategic decisionarrow_forwardQUESTION 2 Which of the following statements about a Nash equilibrium is not correct? A. For each finite noncoopertiave game there always exists a pure strategy Nash equilibrium. B. A game has at least two players. C. Each player plays a best response to opponents' Nash strategies. D. No player has a profitable unilateral deviation.arrow_forward9. Little Kona is a small coffee company that is consider- ing entering a market dominated by Big Brew. Each company's profit depends on whether Little Kona enters and whether Big Brew sets a high price or a low price: Little Kona Enter Don't Enter High Price Kona makes $2 million Kona makes zero Big Brew Brew makes $3 million Brew makes $7 million Kona loses $1 million Low Price Kona makes zero Brew makes $1 million Brew makes $2 millionarrow_forward
- 1. A game may have more than one Nash equilibrium. T/F ? 2. A game has always at least one pure strategy Nash equilibrium. T/F? 3. A situation where everyone is playing a dominant strategy must be a Nash equilibrium. T/F?arrow_forward8) Consider the following game: There are 10 players. Each player is asked to write a number between 0 and 100. The player whose choice is closest to half of the average is the winner. Describe the game and discuss what would you expect to be the average number if the game were played in class with your colleagues. Do you expect them to play the Nash equilibrium strategy? Explain.arrow_forwardSam and Sarah are thinking about getting married. However if either of them cheats on the other, they would get a payoff of 10, while the other person gets zero. If neither cheat, they stay with each other and get a payoff of 7 each and if both cheat, the relationship falls apart and each get a payoff of 1. What is the Nash equilibrium of this game? a. Cheat, Cheat b. Not cheat, Not cheat Sam cheats, Sarah doesn't Sarah cheats, Sam doesn'tarrow_forward
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Recommended textbooks for you
- Microeconomics: Principles & PolicyEconomicsISBN:9781337794992Author:William J. Baumol, Alan S. Blinder, John L. SolowPublisher:Cengage Learning
Microeconomics: Principles & Policy
Economics
ISBN:9781337794992
Author:William J. Baumol, Alan S. Blinder, John L. Solow
Publisher:Cengage Learning