Optics 2

question in photo plz

a. Why high energy electron beam (instead of visible light) is used in microscope to increase its resolution? b. In optical fiber communication, why wavelengths ~ 1310 nm and 1550 nm are often preferred? c. What are the conditions for laser oscillation?

CLASS B Q1: Why different semiconductor materials have different wavelength output? Q2: What are the three main necessary characteristics that need to be possessed in order to qualify as a good optical detector?

Which statement(s) is(are) true for photomultiplier tubes?I     Photomultiplier tubes are very sensitive detectors, amplifying the photoelectron current by approximately 1 million.II     Emitted photoelectrons are accelerated toward positively charged electrodes called dynodes.III     Electrons strike the dynode with a kinetic energy less than the original emitted kinetic energy.IV     For each electron striking a dynode, more than one electron is knocked free. The additional electrons are accelerated toward the next dynode in the detector where amplification is repeated. Select one: a. II, III, and IV b. II c. I, II, and IV d. II and III e. I and IV

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How we can classify optical fibers

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Draw the diagram of a halfwave power supply circuit and a full wave  supply circuit. Aside from  the difference between the number  of diodes utilized in both circuits, state the main advantage of  the full wave   power against the halfwave circuit for the following scenario . When there is a defective diode (open anode- cathode ) When the filter capacitor is defective (capacitor is open)

Using the image below, explain what is happening within a semiconductor solid. Include the following terms in your explanation: photoelectric effect, • photon energy, and • valence and conductor bands. Image to dissect -10-22 eV Conduction band Band gap p alence band "Bands" are composed of closely spaced orbitals a Interatomic distance Energy

All electronics components are formed from p-type and n-type materials. what factors determine the kind of components formed?

Write extensively on Hollow-Cathode Lamp and its uses.

Explain stimulated emission in a lasing media. Simply assume that the lasing media has only 2 energy levels.

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Using four LEDs: Red, Amber, Green and Blue connected in series to an 18Vsupply, determine the resistance to achieve the desired operating conditions forthe combination of 4 LEDs. Assume that the current is 25mA.

A GAAIAS LED has following specifications: wavelength of 1310 nm Quantum efficiency, Nint = 0.765 The drive current 40 mA. refractive index of the light source material is n=3.5 Calculate: i. Internal power level, Pint- ii. Calculate the power emitted from the device.

If there is a trade-off in between depth-off-focus (DOF) and resolution (R) of a lithography system then, what would be selected,either DOF or R, to obtain better performance in pattern transfer of printing method?

discuss how it is possible to use an LED as an illumination source and detector.

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Note: Please don't write by handwriting.

A) How can you be able to interpret and create FFT graph from simple sine wave?  B) How can you be able to interpret and create sine wave from simple FFT?

Please review the following images.

Using a sketch, label the important components of a photomultiplier tube (PMT) and explain how light energy is converted to electrical energy!

H.W: Picosecond laser is working with 100 kHz (Prr) and 10 ps pulse duration. The measured average power is 85 W and the laser focused spot size is 125 μm. Calculate the laser energy, peak power and laser fluence.

Explain the operation of clamping circuit.  In clamping circuits, what is the effect of adding a battery in series with the diode? In designing clamping circuits, what should be the values of Resistor and Capacitor? List at least 3 applications of waveshaping circuits?