Lab 2 - Operational Amplifiers

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South Texas College *

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ENGR-240

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Electrical Engineering

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Feb 20, 2024

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pdf

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5

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ELEE 3101 Electronics I Lab Lab : Operational Amplifiers Circuits I Page 1 of 5 Lab 2: Operational Amplifiers Circuits 2 Student name: ________________________________ Student ID: ____________ I. Introduction This laboratory assignment is a continuation of the previous assignment, where operational amplifiers are implemented in circuits for different purposes, with the idea that the learner can observe and analyze different applications of this electronic components. II. Objectives Identify the different types of circuits implemented with OpAmps. Develop the ability to design and construct a circuit with operational amplifiers. Run circuits simulations to perform DC and Frequency sweep analysis. III. Equipment Required Multimeter Dual Trace Oscilloscope Function Generator Breadboard Miscellaneous cables IV. Material Required (1) Operational Amplifier LM741 Integrated Circuit Resistors of different values Jumper wires
ELEE 3101 Electronics I Lab Lab : Operational Amplifiers Circuits I Page 2 of 5 V. Before the Lab 5.1 Frequency Response a. A frequency response measurement determines how a given quantity in a linear circuit behaves as the frequency of its input changes. b. Since the circuit is assumed to be linear, the response of a circuit will always be at the same frequency as the input signal. c. Different quantities can be measured, for example, an impedance response, or a phase response. However, if nothing else is specified, one is normally measuring the amplitude of the gain versus frequency. d. Frequency response must always be measured using a sinusoidal input and sinusoidal response. If the output is not sinusoidal, the measurement is wrong. e. Since the circuit is assumed to be linear, in theory the input amplitude should not matter. Gain in this lab is defined at 𝑉 ??? /𝑉 𝑖? , and if one halves the input, the output should reduce by half as well. However, in practice, it is important to have the input large enough to get an accurate measurement, but small enough so that the op-amp does not distort the output. You may need to use different amplitudes at different frequencies. f. Normally we plot gain in a Bode Plot format, with the gain in decibels on the vertical axis and the frequency on a log scale on the horizontal axis. g. For voltage gain, decibels are defined as 20 log 10 |𝑉 ??? /𝑉 𝑖? | h. The 3dB point is defined as the frequency where the gain drops to 3 dB less than its maximum value.
ELEE 3101 Electronics I Lab Lab : Operational Amplifiers Circuits I Page 3 of 5 VI. In the Lab Now it is time to put some hands on to build some of the circuits showed before, so that you can physically analyze each of them. 6.1 Voltage Follower 1) Build a voltage follower using a LM741 type op-amp. For the power supply use +15 and -15 Volts (if you are working at the lab) or +5 and 0 Volts (if you are working remotely). Note that the chip does not have a ground pin. Leave the "Null Offset" pins unconnected. For the input use a potentiometer configured as a voltage divider. (Figure 4.1). Figure 4.1.- Voltage follower schematic NOTE: The potentiometer is not considered part of the voltage follower, we are simply using it as a variable voltage source to test the follower without using an extra power supply. 2) Vary the potentiometer to get voltages every three volts from -15 Volts to +15 Volts, or every 0.5 volts from 0 to +5 Volts. Do not waste too much time adjusting to exactly the specified voltage as long as you record the actual value accurately. Record both the input and corresponding output voltages. It is preferable to use the same voltmeter for all measurements. Table 1.- Input/Output voltage ratio 𝑣 𝑖? 𝑣 ??? 𝑣 𝑖? 𝑣 ???
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