Worksheet rev - chapter 4A completed

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Dallas County Community College *

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Electrical Engineering

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Feb 20, 2024

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Worksheet – Chapter 4A 1. List the 5 laws of electrostatics. 1.Repulsion-Attraction: This is a primary precept of electrostatics which states that like expenses repel every different and contrary expenses entice every different . This conduct is a essential component of the interplay among electric powered expenses . 2. Inverse Square Law: This precept is maximum famously implemented in Coulomb`s Law, which states that the pressure among factor expenses is immediately proportional to the manufactured from the magnitudes of the expenses and inversely proportional to the rectangular of the gap among them.. 3. Distribution: In electrostatics, this time period refers to how price is sent on a conductor. When a conductor is charged in electrostatic equilibrium, the extra price is living totally at the conductor's surface. Moreover, the price tends to be extra densely allotted in regions of excessive curvature (sharp factors or edges) than in flat regions . 4. Concentration: This time period is associated with the distribution of price and refers back to the density of price in a given area. As mentioned, the awareness of price is better at factors of sharp curvature. This is due to the fact the electrical subject is more potent at sharp factors , and the sphere traces are nearer together, indicating a better awareness of price . 5.Movement: In the context of electrostatics, motion typically refers back to the movement of expenses . In conductors, expenses are loose to transport till they attain an equilibrium state. In insulators, expenses are normally now no longer loose to transport . However, while a capacity distinction is implemented , expenses can flow thru a conductor, ensuing in an electric powered current. In electrostatics, we usually observe expenses at relaxation and the forces and fields round them, instead of the motion of expenses that's the focal point of electrodynamics. 2. Why are certain materials (conductors) able to conduct electricity? Electrons withinside the outermost shells are fantastically loose and could simply circulate from one to another. 3. Why is wood a good insulator? Wood is taken into consideration a very good insulator normally because of its composition and shape . It consists of cellulose fibers, which can be terrible conductors of warmth and electricity. These fibers incorporate many air wallet , which restrict the cap potential of warmth to switch thru the timber . Air itself is a superb insulator, and those wallet of air inside the timber `s shape beautify its insulating properties. Additionally, the natural compounds in timber do now no longer have unfastened electrons that could circulate easily, that's important for the conduction of electricity. This loss of unfastened electrons makes timber a terrible conductor of electricity, thereby a very good insulator . 4. Define electric potential.

a. What is the unit used to measure it? The unit used to measure electric potential is the volt (V). Electric capability is a degree of the capability strength according to unit fee at a factor in an electric powered field. The unit of electrical capability is the volt, that's described as one joule according to coulomb. In different words, it represents the quantity of labor had to flow a fee of 1 coulomb thru an electric powered capability distinction of 1 volt. b. What electric potential do we use to produce x-rays? The electric potential used to produce x-rays usually stages from tens to loads of kilovolts (kV). : X-ray machines perform via way of means of accelerating electrons and colliding them with a metallic goal to provide x-rays. The electric powered capability required to provide x-rays is pretty excessive due to the fact the electrons want to be multiplied to excessive speeds to have sufficient strength after they collide with the goal . This strength is then transformed into x-rays. The specific capability wished relies upon at the particular software and the preferred strength of the x-rays. Medical x-ray machines, for example, frequently perform withinside the variety of 30 to one hundred fifty kV, at the same time as commercial machines can also additionally use better potentials. 5. What is electrical current? What unit is used to measure it? The unit used to measure electrical current is the ampere (A), which is one of the seven base units in the International System of Units (SI). One ampere is defined as the flow of one coulomb of charge per second. In equations and calculations, current is often represented by the symbol 'I'. 6. What does electrical resistance mean? What unit is used to measure it? Electrical resistance is a measure of the opposition to the flow of electric current through a conductor. It is a property of materials that reduces the flow of electrons, and it can vary depending on the material's composition, temperature, and physical dimensions. The unit used to measure electrical resistance is the ohms. 7. What is the difference between AC and DC electricity? The difference between AC (Alternating Current) and DC (Direct Current) electricity lies in the direction in which the electrons flow. In DC electricity, the electrons flow in a single, constant direction. This type of current is typically produced by sources such as batteries, where the flow of electrons goes from the negative to the positive terminal. So the primary difference is that AC electricity involves a current that changes direction periodically, while DC electricity involves a current that flows in a single, constant direction. AC is used for power distribution in grids, while DC is commonly used in electronic devices and power storage. 8. What is the purpose for each of the following electrical devices? a. Switch

(A switch is a device that interrupts the flow of electricity in a circuit. It has the ability to turn a circuit on and off, as well as divert current from one conductor to another. The basic function of a switch is to control the flow of electrical current in a circuit, allowing devices to be securely turned on or off.) b. Transformer (A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits via electromagnetic induction. Its primary function is to increase (step up) or decrease (step down) the voltage in an alternating current (AC) electrical circuit while maintaining the frequency constant. This is required for efficient power transmission over long distances and giving adequate voltage levels to diverse devices.) c. Rheostat (A rheostat is a variable resistor that controls the current flowing through a circuit. Its primary function is to change the strength of current by varying the resistance, which can control things like the brightness of a light or the speed of a motor. It is commonly employed in applications that require the resistance of a circuit to be varied without interruption.) d. Diode A diode is a semiconductor device that allows current to flow in a single direction alone. It contains two terminals, an anode and a cathode, and is commonly used for rectification (converting alternating current to direct current), voltage regulation, signal demodulation, and circuit protection by stopping reverse current. e. Battery (A battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. The main purpose of a battery is to provide a portable source of electrical power to operate devices that are not connected to the grid, or as a backup power source in case of power failures.) 9. Why is a magnetic material “magnetic”? The key to a material being "magnetic" is the alignment of electron spins and the ability of the material to maintain that alignment to some extent, which results in a net magnetic field For this reason, magnetic materials include iron, which can maintain this alignment in the absence of an external magnetic field. A substance is deemed "magnetic" when a sizable portion of its electron spins are

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