ECE Electronics 315 4a_IP_2021

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Binghamton University *

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315

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Electrical Engineering

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Oct 30, 2023

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LAB 4a: BJT Common Collector (Emitter Follower) Amplifier In this lab, we'll explore a common issue that occurs when connecting multiple devices -- and come up with a relatively straightforward solution. Through this process, we'll explore the behavior of the common-collector amplifier , one of our fundamental single- transistor amplifiers. SECTION 1 To begin, we'll put together a simple circuit designed to provide a voltage signal to a relatively low impedance load. This is a relatively common task: quite a few circuits (including transducers like motors and speakers) present low- impedance inputs; as they require significant amounts of power to operate. Before you proceed further, note the voltage produced inside of the function generator before the output impedance . It may help to set the function generator to expect a high-impedance load, so the function generator will not attempt to compensate for its output impedance. Implement the circuit from the schematic above; assume a 100Hz frequency for the waveform input. Measure the voltage delivered to the 100Ω load, and compare it with the input voltage. There should be a difference between the two. Think about why this might be occurring and a potential solution. Hint: As you consider possible solutions, be sure to consider the power dissipation over the supplying circuit's output impedance! i) Save a screenshot of the oscilloscope showing your input waveform (with it unconnected) and your output waveform (with load connected)
SECTION 2 Now that you've determined the cause of this "problem", you're ready to begin exploring a solution! Fortunately, we can apply some knowledge of basic transistor circuits to come up with a straightforward solution. As we move towards our solution, we'll explore some of the properties of bipolar junction transistors . Implement the simple bipolar junction transistor circuit shown below using a 2N4401 NPN BJT. As indicated, connect the base and collector of the relevant transistor, but temporarily leave the collector unconnected. You may find the pinout of your transistor on the transistor's datasheet , which is located both on our course page and in the back of your textbook. Using sense resistors where necessary and the oscilloscope, measure: 1- The voltage produced at the emitter of your transistor; 0.04V 2- The current flowing out of the emitter of your transistor; and 4.0mA 3- The current flowing into the base of your transistor. Note that you may need to make a differential measurement! 169mA Note that you don't need to display all of these quantities onscreen at once! Your scope may not have enough channels for all of the differential measurements. Record these numbers for use in answering the questions at the end.
SECTION 3 Next, connect the collector of your transistor to a voltage source, as shown. The DC power supply works well as a voltage source: for our purposes, it has a negligibly low output impedance * . Whenever you connect our power supplies, be sure you set the current limit to an appropriate value: a value of about 100mA should be appropriate for this lab. Using sense resistors where necessary, measure each of the following (note – you may have more success using 10 ohm sense resistors instead of 1 ohm): 1- The current flowing into the base of your transistor; and 169mA 2- The voltage present at the emitter of your transistor. 0.08V Analyze the new outputs, and ii) save a screenshots of the oscilloscope showing the voltage at the emitter. Record the numbers for use in answering the questions at the end. Unfortunately, the output we've produced doesn't reasonably resemble our input! The cause is simple: as our input spends a good portion of its time below the transistor's base-emitter forward voltage , the transistor spends a significant chunk of its time in cutof ! In this state, neither of the transistor's depletion regions are forward biased , and no current can flow through the transistor's load!
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