ESET280_W1_Lab_1_Filters (Online) Zachary Trotter

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School

ECPI University *

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Course

280

Subject

Electrical Engineering

Date

Dec 6, 2023

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docx

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Week 1 Lab 1: Filters - Multisim I. Objectives : After completing this lab experiment using Multisim you should be able to: 1. Build and test low-pass, high-pass and band-pass filters. 2. Calculate and measure the cut-off frequency of filters. 3. Use a Bode plotter to observe the frequency response of the filters. II. Procedures : Low-pass Filters (LPF) 1. Build the following circuit on Multisim. XFG1 COM R1 10kΩ C1 1nF XBP1 IN OUT Figure 1: Low-pass Filter 2. Calculate the cutoff frequency (f C ) of the above filter using the following equation. Record the result in table 1. Cutoff frequency (f C ) = 1 2 ΠR 1 C 1 3. Open the Bode Plotter and adjust the settings to the following. Figure 2: Bode plotter settings 1 Bode Plotter Function generator

4. Run the simulation. You should be able to see the plot as shown below. Figure 3: Low-pass filter frequency response 5. Move the cursor to the right using the right arrow (shown above) to identify the maximum gain in dB. The maximum gain is ______.378_____ dB. 6. Place the cursor on the plot such that the gain is - 3dB (you can also right click on the cursor >> Set Y value = -3dB). 7. At this point the frequency should be the cut-off frequency of the filter. 8. Record the frequency value in the table 1 below under the measured frequency fc. R1,C1 combination Calculated Frequency f C Measured Frequency f C R1=10 kΩ, C1=1 nF 15.915kHz 16.176kHZ R1=10 kΩ, C1=2.2 nF 7.234kHz 7.217kHZ R1=33 kΩ, C1=1 nF 4.823kHz 4.811kHz R1=33 kΩ, C1=2.2 nF 2.192kHz 2.187kHz Table 1: Calculated and measured values 9. Repeat the steps from 4 to 8 by changing the R1 and C1 according to the values listed in table 1 above. 2 Gain in dB Frequency

High-pass Filter (HPF) 10. Modify the previous LPF circuit to the following. Observe R1 and C are interchanged. XFG1 COM R1 10kΩ C1 1nF XBP1 IN OUT Figure 4: High pass filter 11. Calculate the cutoff frequency (f C ) of the above filter using the following equation. Record the result in table 2 below. Cutoff frequency (f C ) = 1 2 ΠR 1 C 1 12. Run the simulation. You should be able to see the plot as shown below. Figure 5: High-pass filter frequency response 13. Move the cursor to the right using the right arrow (shown above) to identify the maximum gain in dB. The maximum gain is _____.467______ dB. 14. Place the cursor on the left of the plot such that the gain is - 3dB. 3 Gain in dB Frequency

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15. At this point the frequency should be the cut-off frequency of the filter. 16. Record the frequency value in the table 2 below under the measured frequency fc. R1,C1 combination Calculated Frequency f C Measured Frequency f C R1=10 kΩ, C1=1 nF 15.915kHz 15.953kHz R1=10 kΩ, C1=2.2 nF 7.234kHz 7.252kHz R1=33 kΩ, C1=1 nF 4.823kHz 4.834kHz R1=33 kΩ, C1=2.2 nF 2.192kHz 2.197kHz Table 2: Calculated and measured values 17. Repeat the steps from 12 to 16 by changing the R1 and C1 according to the values listed in table 2 above. Band-pass Filter (BPF) 18. Build the following Band pass filter. XFG1 COM R1 10kΩ C1 1nF XBP1 IN OUT L1 1mH Figure 6: Band pass filter 19. Calculate the center frequency (fc) using the formula below. Record the result in table 3. Cutoff frequency (f C ) = 1 2 Π √ LC 4

Calculated values Measured Values Center frequency (fc) 159.15kHz 165.875kHz Lower cutoff frequency (fc1) 15.796kHz Upper cutoff frequency (fc2) 1.604MHz Bandwidth = fc2 – fc1 1.588.2MHz Table 3: Calculated and measured values 20. Run the simulation. You should observe the band-pass filter response as shown below. Figure 8: Frequency response of BPF 21. Place the cursor at 0dB and record the center frequency in table 3 under measured center frequency. 22. Place the Cursor on the left side of the plot at - 3dB. Then record the frequency value in table 3 under measured value for lower-cutoff frequency (fc1). 23. Place the Cursor on the right side of the plot at -3dB Then record the frequency value in table 3 under measured value for upper-cutoff frequency (fc2). 24. Now calculate the measured bandwidth and record the results in table 3 under measured value. ************* End of the experiment ************* 5