Nunez ECEN340 HW5

Define the terms "load shedding" and "voltage regulation" in the context of power systems. How do these aspects impact the stability and reliability of an electrical grid?

describe how you will make use of green technology to sustain the electricity supply in North coast( KZN)

Explain the concept of a smart grid and how it can improve the efficiency and reliability of power systems.

Describe the basic components of an electrical power grid and their functions.

3. (a)What does FACTS stand for? Name 2 series and 2 parallel FACTS devices. Explain one of these devices you mentioned (b) A 150 MW power station delivers 150 MW for 1 hour, 100 MW for 2 hours. 50 MW for 6 hours, 20 MW for 10 hours and is net operated for rest of the day. It is also shut down for maintenance for 30 days each year. Calculate its annual load factor. (c) What does IDMTL stand for? Sketch the diagram of a protection system showing the various protection elements. Explain how the system works.

Explain the concept of grid stability in power systems and the measures taken to ensure a stable electrical grid.

Explain the concept of electrical load balancing in power systems. How is load balancing achieved, and why is it important for the stability of the electrical grid?

Describe the basic components of a power distribution system and their functions.

Developments that could happen in power flushing in the future

Discuss typical structure of the modern electrical grid. Include all elements and provide short description of their role in the system

Discuss the importance of electrical grid stability and the measures taken to ensure a reliable power supply.

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Explain the concept of power system stability and its importance. What are the different types of power system stability, and what measures can be taken to maintain or improve stability in a power grid?

1. Electrical explosions directly into the face of a person working on or near energizedelectrical equipment can and will cause serious injury or death. OSHA laws and NFPA70E have strict safety requirements for working on electrical equipment. The basicrules are to turn off the power before working on the equipment and to wear the propertype of nonflammable clothing. To further provide safety for the worker, the NationalElectrical Code has a requirement pertaining to arc-flash hazard warning. This requirement is found in of the NEC.

Briefly explain the functions of smart grid.

Describe the process of power transmission and distribution in an electrical grid.

(a) Give the condition for the loss of load in a power generation system in terms of outages in generation units (b) Give the assumption taken for the calculation of LOLP? [Write relevant Answers in 1 or 2 sentences in each part)

The levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) is often used to compare the costs of electricity production from different types of electricity generation plant. Carefully describe the significance of the LCOE and give one advantage and one disadvantage of using this metric to compare plants.

Explain the concept of "smart grids" and how they contribute to the efficiency and reliability of power systems.

Explain the advantage and disadvantage of Power Grid Extension

Describe the key technologies and strategies for reducing power losses during electricity transmission and distribution.

Investigate the principles of predictive maintenance in power substations and how it can prevent costly failures.

What are the key challenges in maintaining grid stability in a power distribution system?

TOPIC: Power Systems, Power Plants & IlluminationINSTRUCTIONS:- Answer in this format: Given, Illustration, Required Conversion, Solution, Final Answer.- Step-by-step solution, do not skip even simple calculations to avoid confusion.- If answered in written form, make sure it is readable.PROBLEM: A generating station has two 50 MW units each running for 8,500 hours in a year and one 30 MW unit running for 1,250 hours in one year. The station output is 650 x 106 kWh per year. Calculate the utilization factor. 0.732 0.653 0.811 0.795

A housing estate is being built and the electrical system for each house from a range of 2 to 20-bedroom houses from single floor apartments to 3 storey buildings are on offer throughout the estate. There are commercial buildings to be constructed for shopping purposes as well. What risks exist and what are the components and methods we use to mitigate these risks both at the substation and at the consumer/ residential side. Describe how these would all fit together.

What are the key components of a typical electrical power distribution system, from generation to end-user consumption?

Compare the methods for electric power transmission with respect to usage, cost. connection, stability, distance of transfer. active power loss and reactive power loss.

Discuss the concept of a smart grid and how it improves the efficiency and reliability of power systems.

Discuss the principles of electricity market operations, including spot markets, forward markets, and the role of independent system operators (ISOs).

Briefly explain the  Vertical integration in electricity regulation

Discussion Questions 1- Draw the important components of a steam power station. 2- What factors are taken into account to select the site of steam power station. 3- State the main parts of a thermal power station, and discuss the function of each part. 4- Draw the important components of a Hydro-Electric power station. 5- What factors are taken into account to select the site of Hydro-Electric power station. 6- Draw the important components of a nuclear power station. 7- What factors are taken into account to select the site of nuclear power station. 8- What do you understand from the load curve and what information are converged by a load curve. 9- Discuss the important points to be taken into consideration while selecting the size and number of units generation. 10- Explain the terms, connected load, load factor, plant use factor, diversity factor.

Explain the concept of load balancing in electrical power systems.

Analyse several voltage and current situations in different loading scenarios in a simplified radial (transformer to consumption) medium-voltage power system example. There are only 2 nodes in the 35 kV line – node 0 from the 110/35 kV and node 1 with one consumer. The physical characteristics of the line and the loading scenarios are individualized for each student – please see the attached file Excel “WM9P3 Task1 data” for your particular data set.  Briefly reflect on the complexity of the calculations for known input or output voltage, as well as for fixed or voltage-dependent consumption in this simple power system model.  Analyse and discuss the sensitivity of the voltage drop [in % of amplitude and the degrees of phase] with respect to the current level [in %] and to the power factor.