Lab report 5

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San Jose State University *

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124

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Electrical Engineering

Date

Dec 6, 2023

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pdf

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17

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Lab #5. Differential Pair Name: Thi Hieu Hanh Tran SID: 012417405 Abstract: In the lab, we will learn about OPAMPS made up of current mirrors and differential pairs. There are two parts in the lab including LTSpice simulations and physical circuits on breadboard. The objective of the lab is understanding how to use current source to bias the differential pair, and identify how the current source affects the gain in a differential pair. In the first part, we will simulate the several circuits including common source biases with a current source, differential pairs, and a common MOS-based differential pair to see the gain of the circuits. In the second part of the lab, we will build the common MOS-based differential pair on the breadboard and compare the gain on the oscilloscope with the simulation. Introduction: OPAMPS are made up of current mirrors and differential pairs. Common Source amplifiers biased with current sources will be used in this lab. The current source can cause impacts on the gain of differential pair, so we will have to go back and review Common Source amplifier biased with current source before go into creating different pair, as well as creating realistic circuit. Before going to build physical circuits, we need to simulate these circuits on LTSpice to check the gain of the OPAMPS.
Theory: The gain of the common source amplifier bias with current source is shown as below: 𝐴 𝑣 = − 𝑔 𝑚 × 𝑅 0 (Eq.1) When the current source is eliminated owing to DC input in a tiny signal mode, the equation above does not reflect the value of the current source, but it is replaced with output resistance ideally. In realistic, there is no ideal current source that act as a load, so we have to make sure to set the current source to “load” in order for the result to be precise. Figure 1. CS Amplifier biased with a series of NMOS and MOS current mirror . Gain will be decreased for common source amplifiers biased in series with NMOS and PMOS current mirrors. The finite output resistance is the cause of this phenomenon. This output resistance will run parallel to NMOS M2's output resistance. This will change the gain of the circuit, as indicated by the equation below. 𝐴 𝑣 = − 𝑔 𝑚 × (𝑅 02 ||𝑅 03 ) (Eq.2) We will not do the calculations in the experiment because we can identify the gain from the simulation by derivatives of output voltage and input voltage.
Methods/Procedure: In the first part, we will build the series of the common source amplifiers using ALD1103 chipset, following the tutorials in the lab manual. 1. We will demonstrate the behavior of a biased current source in the first section. We will build a small-signal model of the CS amplifier and plot the output to observe its behavior by charting output voltage and gain. 2. Next, we use the CS amplifier circuit above to make a CS amplifier biased with NMOS and PMOS current mirror. 3. After that, we will build a differential pair as the instructions in the lab manual. We must understand the role of “load” current in the circuit and its effects to the gain. 4. An example of the realistic MOS-based differential pair circuit will be demonstrated in LTSpice, and we will build the circuit on the breadboard using three ALD1103 chipsets. We will use the oscilloscope to see the input and output waveforms and see the gain of the physical circuit. For input voltage, it will be varied from 0 to 5V with triangle waveform. Compare the gain of the physical circuit and the simulations from LTSpice. Result and Discussion: Part 1: CS Amplifier biases with a current source Figure 2. CS amplifier biased with an ideal current source that is set up as a "load".
Figure 3. Current vs Voltage for an ideal current source and a 1k resistor Figure 4. Output of small signal model of a CS amplifier biased with an ideal current source.
Figure 5. Output vs input voltage and gain of the CS amplifier biased with an ideal current source . Figure 6. CS amplifier biased with an ideal current source that is set up as a "load."
Figure 7. Output vs. input voltage and gain for a CS amplifier biased with a n ideal “load” current source.
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