319 lab 6
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Apr 3, 2024
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ECE 319 LAB REPORT 06
SYNCHRONOUS GENERATORS
OUMOU TOURE
TA: MAHMOUD AL ASHI
LAB PARTNERS: RANDY ORELLANA, CHARLES FERRELL
PERFORMED : 2-21-24
DUE: 1-28-24
*Every member of the group has materially contributed to the intellectual content of this
report
A. Objective
In this lab, our goal is to learn more about Open circuit and Short Circuit tests on the
Synchronous Generators. Our aim is to precisely measure generator parameters while observing
how changes in field current affect terminal voltage across different loads.
B. Theory/Introduction
Synchronous generators operate at a fixed speed to produce voltage. They rely on prime
movers like diesel engines or turbines. The rotor's field coil induced voltage in the stator's
armature coils. Key parameters include the relationship between field current and flux,
synchronous reactance, and armature resistance.
The Open Circuit Characteristic (OCC) shows how armature voltage varies with field
excitation when the generator runs at its set speed. It illustrates the relationship between air-gap
flux and field excitation.
Similarly, the Short Circuit Characteristic (SCC) describes armature and field currents
under short circuit conditions. It's a useful measure of the generator's performance.
Using the OCC and SCC data, the synchronous reactance at rated voltage is
𝑋
?
=
𝑉
𝑇
/ 3
?
𝑎
where
is the armature current,
is the short circuit characteristic at the field current and
?
𝑎
?
𝑎,??
?
?
is the
is on the open circuit characteristic on the figure below.
𝑉
?,?𝑎???
Figure 1: Requirements
C. Experiment Setup
Fore this experiments, the different materials/equipments used were:
-
SE2662-3M2: Synchronous Machine operating as a generator.
-
1 DC Voltmeter (0-150)
-
1 DC Amp meter (0-1)
-
1 AC Voltmeter (0-300)
-
1 AC Amp meter (0-2)
-
SE2662-2N: 0-126 DC Variable Power Supply
-
SE26626A Servo drive DM
-
SE2662-8C: Three Phase Resistive Load
-
SE2662-8P: Three Phase Inductive Load
D. Results
Generator ratings
Table 6.1
Model Number type: SE2662-3M2
Stator winding voltage
220
Stator’s current (A)
1.2/0.70
P(KW)
0.3
Cos (
)
φ
1/0.80
Field Voltage (V)
140
Speed (rpm)
1800m
-1
Frequency
600
?
𝑧
Resistance Measurment
Table 6.2
Field Resistance (Ohm)
203.6
Armature Resistance (Ohm)
33.0
Open Cicuit Test
Table 6.3
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FIELD CURRENT (A)
TERMINAL VOLTAGE
(INCREASING FIELD
CURRENT) (V)
TERMINAL VOLTAGE
(DECREASING FIELD
CURRENT) (V)
0
9.18
11.4
0.05
14.52
124.3
0.10
222.5
221.2
0.15
297.4
304.5
0.20
365.2
363.3
0.25
402.2
402.7
0.30
432.0
432.3
0.35
453.7
453.5
0.40
464.5
464.5
Short Circuit Test
Table 6.4
FIELD CURRENT
SHORT CIRCUIT STATOR CURRENT (A)
0
0.23
0.1
0.202
0.2
0.390
0.3
0.599
0.4
0.757
0.5
1.000
Load Test
Table 6.5
Resistance (Ohm)
THREE-PHASE RESISTIVE LOAD
FIELD CURRENT (A)
ARMATURE CURRENT (A)
220
0.321
0.573
680
0.146
0.186
220+680
0.129
0.139
1500
0.117
0.87
Inf.
0.103
0.021
Lagging Load
Table 6.6
Lagging load with R = 220(
and Inductance (H)
Ω)
THREE-PHASE RESISTIVE LOAD
FIELD CURRENT (A)
ARMATURE CURRENT (A)
0 (from table 6-5)
0.103
0.021
0.4
0.265
0.362
0.8
0.226
0.243
0.8+.04
0.157
0.103
1.6
0.165
0.121
E. Questions
1.
Plot the open circuit characteristics using the data you recorded in Table 6-3. Based on
this curve:
Figure 2: FIELD CURRENT vs TERMINAL VOLTAGE (DECREASING FIELD
CURRENT)
Figure 3: FIELD CURRENT vs TERMINAL VOLTAGE (INCREASING FIELD
CURRENT)
a.
Is this curve linear (straight line) or nonlinear? Why?
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The curve is nonlinear in nature because it describes a hysteresis curve as it
saturates
b. When the field current is zero the terminal voltage is not zero. Why?
The field current is 0 when the terminal voltage is not I believe due to the induced
voltage
2.
Plot the short circuit characteristics using the data you recorded in Table 6-4. Is this curve
linear or nonlinear? Why?
Figure 4: Field current vs short circuit Stator current
It is linear because the armature current has a linear relationship with the field current
therefore it will give us a linear curve.
3.
Using equation 6-1, calculate the synchronous reactance of the AC generator for each
value of I
f
in Table 6-4. This will require data from Tables 6-3 and 6-4.
Field Current (A)
Terminal Voltage
Short Stator
Synchronous
reactance
0
9.18
0.23
23.04
0.1
222.5
0.202
635.94
0.2
365.2
0.390
540.64
0.3
432.0
0.599
416.39
0.4
464.5
0.757
354.27
0.5
Not found
1.000
Can’t be calculated
4.
Using the data from the previous item, plot the armature current, terminal voltage, and
the synchronous reactance of the generator vs. the field current. Do this on a single plot,
with three different vertical scales - one for current, one for voltage, and one for
reactance.
Figure5: Field current vs terminal voltage
Figure 6: field voltage vs short stator
Figure7: field current vs synchronous reactance
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5.
Using Rs, Xs and the different loads in Tables 6-5 and 6-6, and using the OCC, calculate
the armature currents and compare them to the experimental results.
E
A
= V
Φ
+ (R+jX
S
)I
A
; I
A
= 203.6 ; I
f
= 33.0
6.
Plot I
a
versus I
f
for the resistive load using the data you recorded in Table 6-5. How
should the field current be changed to keep the terminal voltage constant when the load is
increasing? Why?
Figure8: Resistance vs field current
Figure 9: Resistance vs Armature current
7.
Calculate the power factor for each lagging load. Record your values in a table similar to
Table 6-7.
Table 6-7
Lagging load with R = 220 (Ω) and
inductance (H)
Power Factor
0.0
0.4
0.8
0.8+0.4
1.6
8.
Plot I
a
versus I
f
for the lagging load using the data you recorded in Table 6-6. In this case
the load resistance is constant (R=220 Ohm). Therefore, the active power is fixed, yet for
each inductance value there is a different reactive power demand. How should the field
current be changed to keep the voltage constant when the reactive power is increasing?
Why?
Figure 9: Field current vs Armature current
F.
Conclusion
In this lab, our objective was to delve into Open Circuit and Short Circuit tests on
Synchronous Generators. It was a successful experiment as we did not encounter
problems and the values from our results are pretty accurate.
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