Module 8 Lab (2)
docx
School
Excelsior University *
*We aren’t endorsed by this school
Course
161
Subject
Electrical Engineering
Date
Jan 9, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
8
Uploaded by BailiffBoulder12800
Module 8 Lab:
Basic Active Filters
INTRODUCTION. –
In this laboratory experience you will analyze three times of basic active filters: Low-pass,
High-pass, and Band-pass filters. Further, you will become proficient with using a new instrument that
automatically generates the magnitude and phase of the transfer function for a given circuit.
PROCEDURE
1.- Low Pass Filter
1.1 Build the low-pass filter circuit shown in Figure 8-1
Figure 8- 1: Low-pass filter
1.2 Calculate the expected cut off frequency for this filter.
Note that this is just a simple RC circuit and therefore
you can use the most basic equation.
ELEC 161 – Module 8 Laboratory
-
Page
1
Calculate f =
1.3 Connect Channel A of the Oscilloscope to the input signal and Channel B to Vout.
Ensure that both channels
of the Oscilloscope are coupled in DC.
1.4 Select an amplitude for the input signal that will
not distort or clip the output signal
1.5 You will now measure the gain of the circuit
(Av = Vout / Vin) for signals at different frequencies. Complete
the table below for each frequency:
Frequenc
y
100 Hz
500 Hz
1 k Hz
5 kHz
10 kHz
15 kHz
20 kHz
50 kHz
100 kHz
Gain (Av)
1.6 Plot the gain vs. frequency in Excel or similar software. Include the graph in your report.
1.7 Based on the plot from 1.6, estimate the cut off frequency of the filter.
Remember that the cut off frequency
is that frequency at which the gain is 0.707 times the gain of the filter in the bandpass.
Measured (estimated) frequency =
1.8 Compare the calculated and measured cut off frequencies.
Comment on your results.
By now you will have noticed that this can be a long and tedious process especially if you want to increase the
number of measuring points for better accuracy. For this reason, we have an instrument, called
Bode Plotter
that
automates this process.
This is located on the instruments palette in Multisim as shown in Figure 8-2.
ELEC 161 – Module 8 Laboratory
-
Page
2
Figure 8- 2: Bode Plotter Instrument in Multisim
You can also find it from the Main Menu:
Simulate
à
Instruments
à
Bode Plotter
1.9. Connect the IN input of the Bode Plotter to the input signal and the OUT input to the Output of the circuit as
shown in Figure 8-3. Don’t forget to connect both grounds.
ELEC 161 – Module 8 Laboratory
-
Page
3
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Figure 8- 3: Bode Plotter Connection
1.10 Double clicking the Bode Plotter will bring its configuration menu. This should be similar to Figure 8-4.
ELEC 161 – Module 8 Laboratory
-
Page
4
Figure 8- 4: Configuration Menu for Bode Plotter
For this part of the lab we will select:
-
Mode:
Magnitude (default)
-
Horizontal:
Log
(default)
-
F: 1 MHz
(highest frequency we will measure)
-
I:
1 Hz
(Initial frequency)
-
Vertical:
Log
-
F:
0 dB
(highest gain)
-
I: -
50 dB (lowest gain)
-
Reverse:
ON
1.11 Run the Simulation. If you have problems with the instrument, F1 will open the help menu. You can also
change the parameters on the configuration menu.
You should see a graph similar to the one shown in Figure 8-
8. This should also be similar to the graph you plotted using the data you gathered at different frequency
intervals.
ELEC 161 – Module 8 Laboratory
-
Page
5
Figure 8- 5:
Output of
Bode Plot
1.12. You can now measure with accuracy the cut off frequency of this filter. Move the cursor (initially located on
the left side of the screen) until the amplitude reads -3 dB. This is your cut off frequency.
Measured f =
1.13 Compare the three cutoff frequencies.
2.- High-Pass Filter
2.1 Build the High-pass filter shown in Figure 8-6
ELEC 161 – Module 8 Laboratory
-
Page
6
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Figure 8- 6: High-pass filter
2.2 Calculate the cutoff frequency for this filter. It is also a RC filter so you can use the same equation.
Calculated f =
2.3 You could use the same step-by-step process to estimate the cutoff frequency of this filter. But as we learned,
this is a long and tedious process. You are welcome to follow the same steps as in sections 1 through5. But you
don’t have to do this if you do not want.
2.4 Instead, use the Bode Plotter to measure the cut off frequency. Note that you will have to change some of
the configuration parameters for this type of filter. Change them until you obtain a reasonable output graph.
Measure the cutoff frequency.
Measure cut off frequency =
2.5 Compare calculated and measured frequencies.
3. Band-pass filter
3.1 Build the band-pass filter shown in Figure 8-7
ELEC 161 – Module 8 Laboratory
-
Page
7
Figure 8- 7: Band-pass filter
8.2 Use the Bode Plotter to measure the two cut off frequencies. Adjust the configuration parameters as needed.
LABORATORY REPORT
Create a laboratory report that contains at least these elements:
Introduction:
what is the purpose of this laboratory experiment?
Results for each section: Measured and calculated values, calculations, etc. Follow the outline. Include
screenshots for the circuits and waveforms as necessary.
Use the “Snipping tool” or similar depending
on the operating system of your machine.
Either way, you can paste these figures into your Word
processor.
Also include the charts and graphs that you have created with the data you have collected.
Conclusion: What area(s) did you have difficulties with the lab; what did you learn in this experiment;
how it applies to your coursework and any other comments.
ELEC 161 – Module 8 Laboratory
-
Page
8
Related Questions
Q.1. Answer True or False and correct errors if found
1. In a certain Op-Amp. if Ad=3500, Ac=0.35, the CMRR=100dB.
2. The voltage series feedback can increase both input and output impedances.
3. A two-pole Sallen-Key high-pass filter contains one capacitor and two resistors.
4. The main feature of a crystal oscillator is the high frequency operation.
Each transistor in a class B power amplifier conducts for the entire input cycle.
✓ The Q-point must be centered on the load line for maximum class A output signal swing
7. The differentiator Op-Amp can convert the triangle waveform into sinewave.
✗Class AB power amplifier eliminates crossover distortion found in pure class A.
9. Wien-bridge oscillators are based on positive feedback circuits.
10. The band-reject filter is composed of multiplication of LPF and HPF.
arrow_forward
".I need the correct answers with explanations"
Answer True or False, then correct errors or explain if any:
1. The term pole in filter terminology refers to the feedback circuit.
2, A voltage shunt feedback with Ai-10, A-20, p 0.45, then Aif will be 1.
3. The integrator Op-Amp circuit can be used to produce square waves.
4. The equivalent circuit of the crystal oscillator is series and parallel (R, C) components.
5. The transistor in a class A power amplifier conducts for the entire input cycle.
6. Bypass capacitors in an amplifier determine the low and high-frequency responses.
7. The midrange voltage gain of an amplifier is 100. The input RC circuit has a lower critical
frequency of 1 kHz. The actual voltage gain at f-100 Hz is 100.
8. The Bessel filter types produce almost ripple frequency response.
9. RC phase shift oscillators are based on both positive and negative feedback circuits.
10. In a high-pass filter, the roll-off region occurs above the critical frequency.
arrow_forward
3. An essential part of an AC-DC power supply circuit is the filter, used to separate the residual AC (called the "ripple"
voltage) from the DC voltage prior to output. Here are two simple AC-DC power supply circuits, one without a filter and
one with:
Plug
unfiltered
Plug
Filter
Vatered
Draw the respective output voltage waveforms of these two power supply circuits (unfiltered versus filtered). Explain
why that type of filter circuit is needed.
arrow_forward
Answer True or False, then correct errors or explain if any:
1. The term pole in filter terminology refers to the feedback circuit.
2, A voltage shunt feedback with Ai-10, A-20, p 0.45, then Aif will be 1.
3. The integrator Op-Amp circuit can be used to produce square waves.
4. The equivalent circuit of the crystal oscillator is series and parallel (R, C) components.
5. The transistor in a class A power amplifier conducts for the entire input cycle.
6. Bypass capacitors in an amplifier determine the low and high-frequency responses.
7. The midrange voltage gain of an amplifier is 100. The input RC circuit has a lower critical
frequency of 1 kHz. The actual voltage gain at f- 100 Hz is 100.
8. The Bessel filter types produce almost ripple frequency response.
9. RC phase shift oscillators are based on both positive and negative feedback circuits.
10. In a high-pass filter, the roll-off region occurs above the critical frequency,
arrow_forward
".I need the correct answers with explanations"
Answer True or False and correct errors if found
1. In a certain Op-Amp. if Ad-3500, Ac-0.35, the CMRR=100dB.
2. The voltage series feedback can increase both input and output impedances.
3. A two-pole Sallen-Key high-pass filter contains one capacitor and two resistors.
4. The main feature of a crystal oscillator is the high frequency operation.
Each transistor in a class B power amplifier conducts for the entire input cycle.
The Q-point must be centered on the load line for maximum class A output signal swing.
7. The differentiator Op-Amp can convert the triangle waveform into sinewave.
Class AB power amplifier eliminates crossover distortion found in pure class A.
9. Wien-bridge oscillators are based on positive feedback circuits.
10. The band-reject filter is composed of multiplication of LPF and HPF.
arrow_forward
Draw a low pass filter and a high pass filter
arrow_forward
6. An AC precision integrator is desired for a particular application to perform the operation:
Vo'(t) = -1200 Vi(t) dt
The primes indicate the ac portions of the respective functions. The lowest frequency other than a
possible de component of the input signal is estimated to be 1.5 kHz. Determine a suitable design.
7. A low frequency differentiator is desired for a particular application n to perform the operation
Vo(t) = -0.002 dvi(t)/ dt
Based on a periodic signal with a frequency of 1 kHz, determine a suitable design.
8. Design an astable 555 timer circuit to produce 1kHz square wave, where TH = 0.35 ms and T₁ = 0.65 ms.
Select C = 0.01 UE, Determine R₁ and Ra.
9. Design a monostable 555 timer circuit to produce an output pulse 5 ms wide.
10. Using op amps with Xsat = +/- 13 V, design a square/ triangular wave function generator circuit to
generate 2 kHz triangular wave with a peak-to-peak voltage of 12 V.
11. Design a non inverting Schmitt trigger circuit with VT to be adjustable…
arrow_forward
4.
Part A: Filters
1.
3.
Assignment#5
Refer to Electronic Devices, Floyd chapters 15, 16 and 17
2.
The term pole in filter terminology refers to
(a) a high-gain op-amp
(c) a single RC circuit
(b) one complete active filter
(d) the feedback circuit
A band-pass response has
(a) two critical frequencies
(c) a flat curve in the passband
(b) one critical frequency
(d) a wide bandwidth
When a low-pass and a high-pass filter are cascaded to get a band-pass filter, the critical
frequency of the low-pass filter must be
(a) equal to the critical frequency of the high-pass filter
(b) less than the critical frequency of the high-pass filter
(c) greater than the critical frequency of the high-pass filter
When the gain of a filter is minimum at its center frequency, it is
(a) a band-pass filter
(b) a band-stop filter
(c) a notch filter
(d) answers (b) and (c)
arrow_forward
Response curves for second-order filters are shown in Figure 3. Identify each as Butterworth,
Chebyshev, or Bessel.
(a)
-40 dB/decade
(b)
(d)
out
V out
-40 dB/decade
decade
arrow_forward
3- What is the effect of disconnecting the load resistance from the output of
the filter?
arrow_forward
(b) In a filter, explain what happens at the cut–off frequency.
arrow_forward
1. The term pole in filter terminology refers to
(a) a high-gain op-amp
(b) one complete active filter
(c) a single RC circuit
(d) the feedback circuit
2. A single resistor and a single capacitor can be connected to form a filter with a roll-off rate of
(a) -20 dB/decade
(b) -40 dB/decade
(c)-6 dB/octave
(d) answers (a) and (c)
3. A band-pass response has
(a) two critical frequencies
(b) one critical frequency
(c) a flat curve in the passband
(d) a wide bandwidth
4. The lowest frequency passed by a low-pass filter is
(a) 1Hz
(b) О Hz
(c) 10 Hz
(d) dependent on the critical frequency
5. The quality factor (Q) of a band-pass filter depends on
(a) the critical frequencies
(b) only the bandwidth
(c) the center frequency and the bandwidth
(d) only the center frequency
6. The damping factor of an active filter determines
(a) the voltage gain
(b) the critical frequency
(c) the response characteristic
(d) the roll-off rate
7. A maximally flat frequency response is known as
(a) Chebyshev
(b)…
arrow_forward
Problem-2
An active filter circuit is given in the Figure-P2.
a) Obtain the filter transfer function. What is the order of the filter?
b) Sketch the magnitude of the frequency transfer function. What type of filter does it
represent?
c) Estimate the cutoff frequency and the roll-off slope of the filter.
Output
Input
Figure-P2
arrow_forward
Hi, parts a-c please and show steps, thank you :)
arrow_forward
a) Design a Butterworth band-pass filter using the TL084 amplifier and draw it with the following specifications:Lower frequency= 60 HzUpper Frequency = 5K HzQ=?Resonant frequency =?
arrow_forward
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you

Introductory Circuit Analysis (13th Edition)
Electrical Engineering
ISBN:9780133923605
Author:Robert L. Boylestad
Publisher:PEARSON

Delmar's Standard Textbook Of Electricity
Electrical Engineering
ISBN:9781337900348
Author:Stephen L. Herman
Publisher:Cengage Learning

Programmable Logic Controllers
Electrical Engineering
ISBN:9780073373843
Author:Frank D. Petruzella
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits
Electrical Engineering
ISBN:9780078028229
Author:Charles K Alexander, Matthew Sadiku
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education

Electric Circuits. (11th Edition)
Electrical Engineering
ISBN:9780134746968
Author:James W. Nilsson, Susan Riedel
Publisher:PEARSON

Engineering Electromagnetics
Electrical Engineering
ISBN:9780078028151
Author:Hayt, William H. (william Hart), Jr, BUCK, John A.
Publisher:Mcgraw-hill Education,
Related Questions
- Q.1. Answer True or False and correct errors if found 1. In a certain Op-Amp. if Ad=3500, Ac=0.35, the CMRR=100dB. 2. The voltage series feedback can increase both input and output impedances. 3. A two-pole Sallen-Key high-pass filter contains one capacitor and two resistors. 4. The main feature of a crystal oscillator is the high frequency operation. Each transistor in a class B power amplifier conducts for the entire input cycle. ✓ The Q-point must be centered on the load line for maximum class A output signal swing 7. The differentiator Op-Amp can convert the triangle waveform into sinewave. ✗Class AB power amplifier eliminates crossover distortion found in pure class A. 9. Wien-bridge oscillators are based on positive feedback circuits. 10. The band-reject filter is composed of multiplication of LPF and HPF.arrow_forward".I need the correct answers with explanations" Answer True or False, then correct errors or explain if any: 1. The term pole in filter terminology refers to the feedback circuit. 2, A voltage shunt feedback with Ai-10, A-20, p 0.45, then Aif will be 1. 3. The integrator Op-Amp circuit can be used to produce square waves. 4. The equivalent circuit of the crystal oscillator is series and parallel (R, C) components. 5. The transistor in a class A power amplifier conducts for the entire input cycle. 6. Bypass capacitors in an amplifier determine the low and high-frequency responses. 7. The midrange voltage gain of an amplifier is 100. The input RC circuit has a lower critical frequency of 1 kHz. The actual voltage gain at f-100 Hz is 100. 8. The Bessel filter types produce almost ripple frequency response. 9. RC phase shift oscillators are based on both positive and negative feedback circuits. 10. In a high-pass filter, the roll-off region occurs above the critical frequency.arrow_forward3. An essential part of an AC-DC power supply circuit is the filter, used to separate the residual AC (called the "ripple" voltage) from the DC voltage prior to output. Here are two simple AC-DC power supply circuits, one without a filter and one with: Plug unfiltered Plug Filter Vatered Draw the respective output voltage waveforms of these two power supply circuits (unfiltered versus filtered). Explain why that type of filter circuit is needed.arrow_forward
- Answer True or False, then correct errors or explain if any: 1. The term pole in filter terminology refers to the feedback circuit. 2, A voltage shunt feedback with Ai-10, A-20, p 0.45, then Aif will be 1. 3. The integrator Op-Amp circuit can be used to produce square waves. 4. The equivalent circuit of the crystal oscillator is series and parallel (R, C) components. 5. The transistor in a class A power amplifier conducts for the entire input cycle. 6. Bypass capacitors in an amplifier determine the low and high-frequency responses. 7. The midrange voltage gain of an amplifier is 100. The input RC circuit has a lower critical frequency of 1 kHz. The actual voltage gain at f- 100 Hz is 100. 8. The Bessel filter types produce almost ripple frequency response. 9. RC phase shift oscillators are based on both positive and negative feedback circuits. 10. In a high-pass filter, the roll-off region occurs above the critical frequency,arrow_forward".I need the correct answers with explanations" Answer True or False and correct errors if found 1. In a certain Op-Amp. if Ad-3500, Ac-0.35, the CMRR=100dB. 2. The voltage series feedback can increase both input and output impedances. 3. A two-pole Sallen-Key high-pass filter contains one capacitor and two resistors. 4. The main feature of a crystal oscillator is the high frequency operation. Each transistor in a class B power amplifier conducts for the entire input cycle. The Q-point must be centered on the load line for maximum class A output signal swing. 7. The differentiator Op-Amp can convert the triangle waveform into sinewave. Class AB power amplifier eliminates crossover distortion found in pure class A. 9. Wien-bridge oscillators are based on positive feedback circuits. 10. The band-reject filter is composed of multiplication of LPF and HPF.arrow_forwardDraw a low pass filter and a high pass filterarrow_forward
- 6. An AC precision integrator is desired for a particular application to perform the operation: Vo'(t) = -1200 Vi(t) dt The primes indicate the ac portions of the respective functions. The lowest frequency other than a possible de component of the input signal is estimated to be 1.5 kHz. Determine a suitable design. 7. A low frequency differentiator is desired for a particular application n to perform the operation Vo(t) = -0.002 dvi(t)/ dt Based on a periodic signal with a frequency of 1 kHz, determine a suitable design. 8. Design an astable 555 timer circuit to produce 1kHz square wave, where TH = 0.35 ms and T₁ = 0.65 ms. Select C = 0.01 UE, Determine R₁ and Ra. 9. Design a monostable 555 timer circuit to produce an output pulse 5 ms wide. 10. Using op amps with Xsat = +/- 13 V, design a square/ triangular wave function generator circuit to generate 2 kHz triangular wave with a peak-to-peak voltage of 12 V. 11. Design a non inverting Schmitt trigger circuit with VT to be adjustable…arrow_forward4. Part A: Filters 1. 3. Assignment#5 Refer to Electronic Devices, Floyd chapters 15, 16 and 17 2. The term pole in filter terminology refers to (a) a high-gain op-amp (c) a single RC circuit (b) one complete active filter (d) the feedback circuit A band-pass response has (a) two critical frequencies (c) a flat curve in the passband (b) one critical frequency (d) a wide bandwidth When a low-pass and a high-pass filter are cascaded to get a band-pass filter, the critical frequency of the low-pass filter must be (a) equal to the critical frequency of the high-pass filter (b) less than the critical frequency of the high-pass filter (c) greater than the critical frequency of the high-pass filter When the gain of a filter is minimum at its center frequency, it is (a) a band-pass filter (b) a band-stop filter (c) a notch filter (d) answers (b) and (c)arrow_forwardResponse curves for second-order filters are shown in Figure 3. Identify each as Butterworth, Chebyshev, or Bessel. (a) -40 dB/decade (b) (d) out V out -40 dB/decade decadearrow_forward
- 3- What is the effect of disconnecting the load resistance from the output of the filter?arrow_forward(b) In a filter, explain what happens at the cut–off frequency.arrow_forward1. The term pole in filter terminology refers to (a) a high-gain op-amp (b) one complete active filter (c) a single RC circuit (d) the feedback circuit 2. A single resistor and a single capacitor can be connected to form a filter with a roll-off rate of (a) -20 dB/decade (b) -40 dB/decade (c)-6 dB/octave (d) answers (a) and (c) 3. A band-pass response has (a) two critical frequencies (b) one critical frequency (c) a flat curve in the passband (d) a wide bandwidth 4. The lowest frequency passed by a low-pass filter is (a) 1Hz (b) О Hz (c) 10 Hz (d) dependent on the critical frequency 5. The quality factor (Q) of a band-pass filter depends on (a) the critical frequencies (b) only the bandwidth (c) the center frequency and the bandwidth (d) only the center frequency 6. The damping factor of an active filter determines (a) the voltage gain (b) the critical frequency (c) the response characteristic (d) the roll-off rate 7. A maximally flat frequency response is known as (a) Chebyshev (b)…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Introductory Circuit Analysis (13th Edition)Electrical EngineeringISBN:9780133923605Author:Robert L. BoylestadPublisher:PEARSONDelmar's Standard Textbook Of ElectricityElectrical EngineeringISBN:9781337900348Author:Stephen L. HermanPublisher:Cengage LearningProgrammable Logic ControllersElectrical EngineeringISBN:9780073373843Author:Frank D. PetruzellaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
- Fundamentals of Electric CircuitsElectrical EngineeringISBN:9780078028229Author:Charles K Alexander, Matthew SadikuPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationElectric Circuits. (11th Edition)Electrical EngineeringISBN:9780134746968Author:James W. Nilsson, Susan RiedelPublisher:PEARSONEngineering ElectromagneticsElectrical EngineeringISBN:9780078028151Author:Hayt, William H. (william Hart), Jr, BUCK, John A.Publisher:Mcgraw-hill Education,

Introductory Circuit Analysis (13th Edition)
Electrical Engineering
ISBN:9780133923605
Author:Robert L. Boylestad
Publisher:PEARSON

Delmar's Standard Textbook Of Electricity
Electrical Engineering
ISBN:9781337900348
Author:Stephen L. Herman
Publisher:Cengage Learning

Programmable Logic Controllers
Electrical Engineering
ISBN:9780073373843
Author:Frank D. Petruzella
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits
Electrical Engineering
ISBN:9780078028229
Author:Charles K Alexander, Matthew Sadiku
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education

Electric Circuits. (11th Edition)
Electrical Engineering
ISBN:9780134746968
Author:James W. Nilsson, Susan Riedel
Publisher:PEARSON

Engineering Electromagnetics
Electrical Engineering
ISBN:9780078028151
Author:Hayt, William H. (william Hart), Jr, BUCK, John A.
Publisher:Mcgraw-hill Education,