Lab 2

Problem 4 to separate ITU channel 59 using a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and an optical circulator. The FBG is made from a fiber with an effective index of refraction of the core of 1.48 at You are to implement a simple one-channel demultiplexer ITU channel 59. a.) Draw a diagram of the demultiplexer b.) Calculate the periodicity of the index of refraction modulation in the core of the FBG fiber

In an antenna array, the array factor depends on Tick all that apply. O Radiation pattern. O Relative excitation magnitude. Efficiency of each element O Relative excitation phase. Beamwidth. Number of elements Input resistance. O Operating frequency. O Spacing between elements O Directivity of elements

QA3 Dish antennas are a common type of antenna at high frequencies. (a) Explain the design and operation of dish antennas with the use of equations and diagrams. Discuss different types of dish antennas and identify the main advantages and disadvantages of each type. Identify the main trade-offs between different types of dish antennas and suggest ways to improve efficiency. (b) With the aid of diagrams, explain the following three types of radiation patterns and give examples of where each type is used: (i) (ii) (i) Isotropic Omnidirectional Directional

Calculate the TE10 cutoff frequency for a rectangular waveguide if the longer dimension of its cross section is 5 cm

ATR works by measuring the changes that occur in an internally reflected IR beam when the beam comes into contact with a sample..  True  False

Put a check mark in front of the correct statement and an X in front of the incorrect statement, and correct the error. 1- Mie Scattering is linear which is always in all direction. 2- The optical return loss (ORL) for terminated fiber is better than non-terminated fiber. 3- Attenuation due to radiation mean that some travels within the cladding. 4- The dispersion in single mode is higher than the multimode. 5- The angle of incident of light to the fiber must be smaller than the acceptance angle to obtain the reflection inside the core. 6- In the step index, the refractive index is the highest in the center of the core and decreases gradually with distance toward the outer edge. 1- Mie Scattering is linear which is always in all direction. 2- The optical return loss (ORL) for terminated fiber is better than non-terminated fiber. 3- Attenuation due to radiation mean that some travels within the cladding. 4- The dispersion in single mode is higher than the multimode. 5- The…

Design and simulate a Transmitter-Receiver loop for Frequency Modulated Continuous wave Radar for Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS)

?Q1. List the advantages and disadvantages of aperture antenna

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15.) Solar collectors are often manufactured parabolic dishes or troughs to a. reduce the size of the collector b. eliminate the need for heliostats c. expose the receiver to maximum reflective area d. concentrate the solar resource on the receiver

c) Make a table of these antennas from narrowband to wideband: a) bow-tie antenna, b) helical antenna, c) folded dipole antenna, d) Yagi-Uda array antenna, e) small loop antenna with 1000 turns.

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5. Radiation patterns is plotted graphically in terms of a) Angular position and radial distance b) Angular position and Angular distance c) Distance and radiation d) Radiation and beam angle 6. Which of the following statement is true related to the major lobe? a) It is a radiated part that covers maximum area containing maximum radiated energy. b) It is a radiated part that covers a minimum area containing maximum radiated energy. c) It is a radiated part that covers the average area containing maximum radiated energy. d) All above 7. Antenna can be polarized in ways. а) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 8. The fundamental requirements of an antenna to transmit is :- a)High efficiency b) Low side lobes c) Large signal to noise ratio d) all above •..

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What is the fourth mode that can propagate in a hollow and square waveguide?

Find the wavelengths of (a) a 450 MHz, (b) a 650 MHz, (c) an 8 MHz, and (d) a 850 KHz signal.?

1. A super heterodyne receiver is used to receive an FM signal in the range of 88 MHz-108 MHz with IF frequency 10 MHz. In order to avoid image frequency, what will be the maximum and minimum capacitance ratio at the local oscillator section. (high side tuned is used)?

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From an operational point of view, what are the major differences between the Yagi-Uda and the log-periodic antennas? Explain, with the aid of diagrams.

In a rectangular hollow waveguide with side lengths ratio b / a = 1/3, only TE modes will be excited. a. Write the first 5 cutoff frequencies in order of magnitude and indicate the corresponding modes. b. Long edge 6 cm. In what range should the operating frequency be selected to emit only the first mode when received

Antenna subject

Orientation of victim and electromagnetic-wave EMI. The rule that an antenna must be a few percent of a wavelength long to operate effectively becomes a problem with long-wave signals (below 3 MHz), where the wavelengths exceed 100 m. As a result, some radios receive only the magnetic field associ- ated with the radiated wave, because magnetic-field pickup devices can be much smaller than a wavelength and still operate reasonably well. One way this is done is with a type of antenna called a loopstick, which is basically a long cylindrical magnetic core inside a coil of wire. The loopstick antenna is sensitive only to the component of the magnetic field that is parallel to the axis

Consider a domestic satellite dish, shown in Figure 1. An extract from the data sheet for the satellite dish is given below. Answer the questions below. Please show all working. DATA SHEET Physical Reflector type Offset Diameter (cm) 60.9 cm Material Fibre glass Figure 1: Domestic satellite dish LNB holder Plastic Mast bracket diameter Ø 40-60 mm Finish Aluminium arm Depth (mm) 129 mm LNB size Ø 40 mm TRIAX Frequency range Frequency range 10.7 - 12.75 MHz Gain Gain @ 12.625 GHz 36.0 dBi Characteristics X-polarisation >27 dB Offset angle 26 ° Elevation range 10-55 ° Efficiency 70 Noise temperature <35 °K Beamwidth / Windload Windload @ 42 m/s 378 N

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Which of the following statement is incorrect? A. Assuming that XTAL = 10 MHz, TCNTO = 50 to generate a delay of 15 us in Normal mode. %3D Assuming that XTAL = 16 MHz, Prescalar N = 8 and OCRO= 7 to generate a square wave pulse with duty cycle 50% and frequency 1MHZ. C. Assuming that XTAL = 10 MHz, OCRO = 149 to generate a delay of 15 us in CTC mode. D. Assuming that XTAL = 8 MHz, Prescalar N = 256 and TCNTO= 131 to generate a delay of 4 ms in Normal mode. %3D

Consider a pulsed wave Doppler imaging of a vessel at a depth of 5cm. Derive the minimum and maximum detectable velocity if the transmitted signal frequency is 3.5MHZ, the Doppler angle is 60° and the wall-motion filter cutoff frequency is 100HZ.

why TEM mode cannot propagate in a hollow metallic waveguide.?

Maximum dimension of antenna is 0.5m and operating frequency is 9 GHz, thus the the following distance represents reactive near field region is