APSC183 Lab 1- Density of Solids and Liquids - 2024

APSC 183 Matter and Energy II–Lab University of British Columbia Okanagan — Engineering January 2024 Lab 1: The Determination of Density and the Analysis of Uncertainty in Measurements SAFETY NOTE: To avoid hazardous accidents in the laboratory, below are some safety rules which should be followed by students and lab instructors: • Eating and drinking are forbidden in the laboratory. • SDS sheets are available in the lab. Be aware of the eyewash station and the safety shower, where it is, and how to use it. • This experiment includes handling chemicals. If there is a spill, immediately speak with your TA or Lab Technician, they can provide clean-up information. • Equipment operation must be done by following the instruction. If something is not clear, let the lab instructor or technician know to help. • Students must learn the location of first aid and fire extinguisher. In case of any fire incident, electrical equipment should be turned off before leaving the laboratory. • Un-tied long hair, loose-fitting clothes, shorts, and open-toed shoes are not permitted to be worn in the lab. • Keep the lab floor clean and dry. Students are responsible to maintain the cleanliness of the lab. • Please check the boxes beside the image, indicating you have the safety gear required and are prepared for lab.

APSC 183 Matter and Energy II–Lab University of British Columbia Okanagan — Engineering January 2024 Introduction This experiment introduces the important laboratory techniques of gravimetric analysis (weighing) and the use of volumetric glassware and the uncertainty and error analysis of laboratory measurements. Students will determine the density of two unknown liquids using volumetric glassware and determine mass using an analytical balance. The density of a solid will be determined by weighing the solid, and measuring the volume of liquid the solid displaces. The results of performing measurements multiple times will be used to use the to perform uncertainty and error analyses. Volumetric glassware is specialized glassware that has been calibrated to contain or deliver specific volumes. An example is the volumetric flask and the volumetric pipette that will be used in this lab, Volumetric glassware has one marking and will contain (volumetric flask) or deliver (volumetric pipette) a specific volume very accurately. Volumetric flask (to contain ±0.03 mL ) Volumetric pipette (to deliver ±0.02 mL) Other glassware used to measure volumes includes graduated cylinders and graduated pipettes, and burettes that have multiple markings and can be used to measure different volumes. Graduated cylinder Graduated pipette Burette

APSC 183 Matter and Energy II–Lab University of British Columbia Okanagan — Engineering January 2024 Laboratory Materials - 10 mL volumetric pipette and pipette pump - 50 mL burette - 25 mL volumetric flask with stopper - 10 mL graduated cylinder - 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask and rubber stopper - 50 mL beakers - Ring stand/stand for burette - Disposable pipets - Top loading balance - Glass marble - Reverse Osmosis (RO) water bottle - Small funnel - Waste liquid container (1) - Calipers - Unknown liquid - Kim Wipes - Small Steel Object Procedure The experimental data should be recorded on the Observations/Report sheet. Part 1 Liquid Density 1 1. Using an analytical balance weigh a dry beaker. 2. Using a pipet bulb, pipet into this bottle 10 mL of the unknown liquid A using a volumetric pipette. 3. Re-weigh the beaker and liquid. 4. Record this weight on your data sheet. 5. Dispose of this liquid in the liquid waste container and dry the beaker with a kimwipe.

APSC 183 Matter and Energy II–Lab University of British Columbia Okanagan — Engineering January 2024 6. Calculate the density of the liquid and its experimental uncertainty (error). 7. Repeat steps 1–6 two more times, so you have 3 measurements. 8. Calculate the average of the densities and the standard deviation around that average. Liquid Density 2 1. Using an analytical balance weigh a dry 25 mL volumetric flask with stopper or cap. 2. Using a disposable pipette, fill the flask to the graduation line with the unknown liquid A and stopper the flask. 3. Reweigh the stoppered flask on the analytical balance. 4. Empty the unknown liquid into the liquid waste container. 5. Calculate the density of the liquid and its experimental uncertainty (error). 6. Repeat steps 1–4 two more times until you have 3 measurements. 7. Calculate the average of the densities and the standard deviation around that average. Liquid Density 3 1. Obtain a 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask and rubber stopper (dry the outside of flask if necessary) and weigh on the analytical balance. 2. Fill the burette with your unknown liquid A. Burette 15 mL of the unknown liquid into the Erlenmeyer flask, put the stopper back, and reweigh. 3. Without emptying the flask add another 15 mL and reweigh. 4. Repeat step #3 until you have three measurements. 5. Calculate the density for each addition and their experimental errors. 6. Repeat 1 to 5 with unknown liquid B. Part 2 Solid Density 1 – solid object with a known volume 1. Student 1 a. Measure the diameter of the glass marble with a micrometer and calculate its volume. b. Place a paper weighing boat on balance. Tare the boat. c. Wipe all fingerprints off of the glass marble, place it in the weighing boat on the analytical balance, and record the weight of the glass marble. d. Calculate the density of the glass marble. 2. Student 2 a. Repeat steps a–d above

APSC 183 Matter and Energy II–Lab University of British Columbia Okanagan — Engineering January 2024 DATA SHEET: NAME: ________________________ COURSE: APSC 183 LAB SECTION: ____ GROUP#: ___ DATE: ______________ PART 1-1 Mass of beaker ___________ ± ___g Mass of beaker & liquid ______ _ ± ___g ___________ ± ___g ___________ ± ___g Mass of liquid ___________ ± ___g ______ ± ___g ___________ ± ___g Volume of liquid ______ ± _________mL Density of liquid ______ ± ___g/mL ______ ± ___g/mL ______ ± ___g/mL Average and Standard Deviation of the densities _______________g/mL PART 1-2 Mass of flask & lid ___________ ± ___g Mass of flask, lid & liquid ___________ ± ___g ___________ ± ___g ___________ ± ___g Mass of liquid ___________ ± ___g ___________ ± ___g ___________ ± ___g Volume of liquid ___________ ± _________mL Density of liquid ______ ± ___ g/mL ______ ± ___ g/mL ______ ± ___ g/mL Average and Standard Deviation of the densities ______ ± ___ g/mL PART 1-3 Unknown A 1 st Aliquot Start volume on the burette ___________ ± ________mL End volume on the burette ___________ ± ________mL Volume of liquid in 1st aliquot ___________ ± ________mL

APSC 183 Matter and Energy II–Lab University of British Columbia Okanagan — Engineering January 2024 Mass of Erlenmeyer flask and rubber stopper ___________ ± ________g Mass of flask and 1st. 15 mL aliquot ___________ ± ________g Mass of 1st. 15 mL aliquot ___________ ± ________g 2nd Aliquot Start volume on the burette ___________ ± ________mL End volume on the burette ___________ ± ________mL Volume of liquid in the 2 nd aliquot ___________ ± ________mL Total Volume of liquid after the 2 nd aliquot ___________ ± ________mL Mass of flask and first two 15 mL aliquots ___________ ± ________g Mass of 2nd. 15 mL aliquot ___________ ± ________g 3 rd Aliquot Start volume on the burette ___________ ± ________mL End volume on the burette ___________ ± ________mL Volume of liquid in the 3 rd aliquot ___________ ± ________mL Total Volume of liquid after the 3 rd aliquot ___________ ± ________mL Mass of flask and all three 15 mL aliquots ___________ ± ________g Mass of 3rd 15 mL aliquot ___________ ± ________g Density of Liquid (1st. 15 mL aliquot ) ________ ± ______ g/mL Density of Liquid (2nd. 15 mL aliquot ) ___________ ± _______g/mL

APSC 183 Matter and Energy II–Lab University of British Columbia Okanagan — Engineering January 2024 Volume of liquid in the 3 rd aliquot ___________ ± ________mL Total Volume of liquid after the 3 rd aliquot ___________ ± ________mL Mass of flask and all three 15 mL aliquots ___________ ± ________g Mass of 3rd 15 mL aliquot ___________ ± ________g Density of Liquid (1st. 15 mL aliquot ) ________ ± ______ g/mL Density of Liquid (2nd. 15 mL aliquot ) ___________ ± _______g/mL Density of Liquid (3rd. 15 mL aliquot ) ___________ ± _______g/mL Average density of liquid ___________ ± ________g/mL PART 2-1 Student 1 Mass of Glass marble _____________ ± ___________g, Volume of Glass marble _____________ ± ___________mL Density of Glass marble _____________g/mL Student 2 Mass of Glass marble _____________ ± ___________g Volume of Glass marble _____________ ± ___________mL Density of Glass marble _____________g/mL Sketch the object and indicate dimensions: PART 2-2

APSC 183 Matter and Energy II–Lab University of British Columbia Okanagan — Engineering January 2024 Student 1 Volume of liquid in graduated cylinder ______________ ± __________mL Mass of small steel object ______________ ± __________g Volume of small steel object ______________ ± __________mL Density of small steel object ______________ ± __________g/mL Student 2 Volume of liquid in graduated cylinder ______________ ± __________mL Mass of small steel object ______________ ± __________g Volume of small steel object ______________ ± __________mL Density of small steel object ______________ ± __________g/mL Note: The following uncertainties should be assumed for the equipment used in this experiment: 10.00 mL pipet ± 0.02 mL graduate cylinder ± half a scale division analytical balance ± 0.0001 g (in each reading including the zero) top-loading balance ± 1 for the last digit showing (in each reading including the zero) 50.00 mL burette ± 0.01mL 25.00 mL vol. flask ± 0.03 mL

APSC 183 Matter and Energy II–Lab University of British Columbia Okanagan — Engineering January 2024 • Appendix 2 Example Calculations. One of each example: liquid density calculation, uncertainty calculation for density of liquid; glass marble volume, steel ball bearing volume. You do not have to give an example average or STD deviation calculation.