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Paige Boudreaux Mrs. Eddy English 2000 27 Feb. 2023 Does Social Media Lead to Depression in Adolescents and Teens? Introduction Social media has become a significant part of everyday life, especially for adolescents and teens. While there are obvious benefits when it comes to the use of social media, there is an increased concern surrounding social media use and the negative mental health effects it may cause, particularly depression. As social media use increases, more negative consequences have been linked to its use, particularly in young people. Because of this, social media use and its effects on mental health has become a highly studied subject. The article “Social Media Use and Depression in Adolescents: A Scoping View” published by the International Review of Psychiatry sparked my interest in this topic. My knowledge about social media and its effects on teens and adolescents is based on first-hand experience. When used correctly, social media can be beneficial. However, there are definite risks associated with social media use, especially negative mental health effects including depression, and in many instances those risks outweigh the perceived benefits. As I continue to research my topic surrounding social media and depression, I hope to gain a greater knowledge about the lesser known risks and benefits of social media and learn ways social media can be used in a healthy way. Overall, I am not expecting my opinion that social media leads to depression to change based on my research, but I will remain open-minded and am committed to learning regardless of what the research might show.

There are several common arguments that support there is no link between social media use and depression, and the benefits of social media outweigh the risks. First, social media allows people to connect and share with family and friends. Social media also allows people to build new relationships and find support. The internet gives us the ability to complete these tasks no matter the distance. In addition, social media can be used as a means of communication during a crisis. For example, social media was often used to connect with people during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conversely, those who believe the risks outweigh the benefits of social media argue that teens and adolescents are adapting poor communication skills, lack personal relationships, and often suffer from the development of low self-esteem and depression. Throughout my research, I came across both popular and scholarly articles. Three popular articles I found were from Healthline, The New York Times, and Child Mind Institute . Although these articles are considered popular sources, they provide credible research regarding depression in teens and adolescents. My scholarly sources include Taylor & Francis, International Review of Psychiatry, and Sage Publications. All of my scholarly articles are current and give in depth analysis on the benefits and risks of social media use among teens and adolescents.

Annotations Appel, Markus, et al. “Are Social Media Ruining Our Lives? A Review of Meta-Analytic Evidence.” Sage Publications , Sage Publications, 2020, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1089268019880891. In the article published by the Review of General Psycology , a rigorously peer-reviewed psychology journal, the authors Markus Appel, Caroline Marker, and Timo Gnambs conduct a meta-analysis reviewing published studies on the effects of social media. The article was split up into sections comparing social media (use) to public debate, well-being, academic achievement, and narcissism. There was found to be no significant effect from social media on academic achievement, and no strong link between social media and feelings of loneliness, low self- esteem, and depression. The authors claim that social media contributes to devastating effects amongst youths. I will be using this article in argument to my statement that social media leads to depression in teens and adolescents. El-Khoury, Joseph, et al. “Characteristics of Social Media 'Detoxification' in University Students.” Taylor & Francis , Informa UK Limited , 29 Nov. 2020, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19932820.2020.1846861. The authors of this article published in the Libyan Journal of Medicine , a high quality peer- reviewed medical journal, Joseph El-Khoury, Riwa Haidar, Rama Rand Kanj, Linda Bou Ali & Ghaidaa Majari, used a quantitative cross-sectional online survey design to conduct their study about the exposure to social media detoxification using a sample of students from a university that was blinded for the review. The results were given in four sections: demographics,

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