Assigned_Questions_3-27_Countryman

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Conrad Countryman 1) What generates the “sense” that we owe environmental preservation and restoration to future generations? a. As Professor Robinson states, he believes that a “theory of collective (or community) imperfect duty” generates this sense of preservation, originating from: i. Observations that the current environmental state is degraded and poor ii. The sensing of a need to leave future generations better off than the current iii. The sense that this duty of environmental preservation and restoration is one of wide aim 2) Do “relations of virtue” contribute to environmental organizations? Briefly explain. a. These virtuous community friendships (or relations of virtue) are a necessity in the pursuit of a flourishing life and community cohesion. This shared sense of an imperfect duty (as discussed in question 1) inspires community actions for protection and preservation and allows virtuous individuals to judge their own actions in conjunction with other organizations; this is a relation of virtue in and of itself. 3) Briefly review who Emerson, Thoreau, Muir, Leopold and Douglas were. Briefly describe their contributions to the environmental movement. a. Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, John Muir, Aldo Leopold, and William O. Douglas were individuals who advocated for, sought to understand, or largely contributed heavily to the idea of “transcendental inter-connectiveness” idea of Environmental Preservation. b. This school of thought argues that the views of nature and natural beauty are inherently spiritual and transcendental in nature. “In My First Summer in the Sierra, Muir especially emphasized the transcendental religious aspects of contact with nature” (Robinson, 282). Natural beauty, as believed by them, extends beyond a perfunctory understanding, and leans more towards an inherent spiritual and intrinsic aspect of human existence. 5) What are the two “equity problems” associated with environmental preservation and restoration? Explain how certain Rawlsian principles can be used to overcome these problems. a. The two problems inherently associated with environmental preservation and restoration are: i. The Intergenerational Problem – Inherent issue of paternalism, i.e., the imposition of one’s decision on another (or others) capable of making that reasoned decision for themselves ii. The Distant People Problem - Providing environmental equity for people at distance requires greater general inclusive agreements as to the relevant information to be considered

Conrad Countryman b. Rawlsian principles can be applied to overcome both of these believed obstacles: i. “Rawls argued that any social conception of justice derived by the CIP should be sufficiently acceptable to the populace as to be stable from one generation to another, i.e. it should be built upon those lasting moral foundations that are acceptable to overlapping generations” (Robinson, 270). ii. “The Paris Climate Accord, however, organized by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) includes 196 signatories from five continents. The Accord was signed on December 12, 2015. It illustrated the possibilities of overcoming the problems of distance” (Robinson, 272). 7) What are the problems with the market-valuation paradigm? a. Trying to apply a “value” to any assigned preservation method seeks to devalue its moral worth, as there is no inherent dollar valuation. b. The tragedy-of-the-commons environmental conundrum: a lone farmer allows her stock to overgraze on a common area, i.e. beyond a regeneration capacity because she believes that if she does not, then others will and the resource will inevitably be depleted

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