esame_3

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New Jersey Institute Of Technology *

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600

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Finance

Date

Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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7

Uploaded by ColonelApePerson1088

1) In an efficient capital market: A) security prices reflect all available information. 2) The hypothesis that market prices reflect all publicly available information is called _____ form efficiency. A) Semistrong 2) Financial markets fluctuate daily because they: A) are continually reacting to new information. 3) Which term best applies to the situation where an investor cares less about losing $1 of his profits than he does about losing $1 of his original investment? A) House money effect 4) Psychologists generally agree that irrational traits such as those related to behavioral finance are generally: A) pervasive across individuals. 5) Ultimately, it is the ________ who has (have) control over a corporation A) shareholders 6) Shareholders obtain the right ________ when they are granted preemptive rights. A) of first refusal for their proportionate percentage of new shares offered 7) ________ grant the issuer the right to extinguish the debt prior to maturity. A) Debentures 8) The ________ is the written agreement between a corporation and its bondholders. A) Indenture 9) A subordinated debt: A) must give preference to the secured creditors in the event of default. 10) Sinking fund arrangements are least likely to include which one of the following requirements? A) A one-time repayment of the entire principal and interest at maturity 11) Which one of the following statements applies to floating-rate bonds? A) Coupon payments are variable while the par value is fixed. 12) Arevalos, Incorporated, has cumulative preferred stock outstanding that calls for quarterly dividend payments of $2.25 per share. Unfortunately, the firm has not paid these preferred dividends for the past three quarters. What amount per share must be paid to the preferred shareholders this quarter if the firm also wants to pay a dividend on its common stock? A) $9.00 Preferred dividends in arrears = $2.25 x 3 quarters = $6.75 per share Total preferred dividend payment = $6.75 + $2.25 = $9.00 per share
13) Analysts estimate that one year from today, a bond has a probability of 40 percent of being priced at $950 and a probability of 60 percent of being priced at $1,050. The bond is also callable at any time at $1,010. What is the expected value of this bond in one year? A) $986 Probability 1 (P1) = 40% Probability 2 (P2) = 60% Price in probability 1 (V0) = $950 Price in probability 2 (V1) = $1050 Callable price (CP) = $1010 If market price reaches $1050, the bonds will be called at a callable price of $1010, so $1010 will be used: E(BV)=P1*V0+P2*CP= .4*950$+.6*1010$=986$ 14) Analysts estimate that a bond has an equal probability of being priced at either $940 or $1,050 one year from today. The bond is also callable at any time at $1,020. What is the expected value of this bond in one year? A) $980 E(BV)=P1*V0+P2*V1 Here P1 and P2 denote probability. V0 and V1 denote value or price of bond, current/callable bond in future. Probability for getting each price = 50% Current bond price = $1,050 Callable bond price = $940 E(BV)= $980 Answer: B Expected value = (50%*$940 + 50%*1,020) = $980 they will call it at 1,020 15) A firm’s ________ is referred to as its capital structure. A) mix of debt and equity used to finance its assets 16) According to Modigliani & Miller, (or MM), Proposition I with no tax: A) it is completely irrelevant how a firm arranges its finances. 17) According to ________ the value of the levered firm equals the value of the unlevered firm. A) MM Proposition I with no tax 18) A levered firm is a company that has: A) some debt in its capital structure. 19) The increase in risk to shareholders when financial leverage is added is best evidenced by: A) a higher variability of EPS with partial debt financing than with all-equity financing. 20) The concept that the value of the firm is independent of its capital structure is called: A) MM Proposition I (no taxes). 21) According to MM Proposition II with no taxes, the: A) required return on equity is a linear function of the firm’s debt-equity ratio. 22) MM Proposition II with no taxes supports the argument that a firm’s: A) WACC remains constant even if the firm changes its capital structure.
23) Because interest expense is tax deductible, levered firms can benefit from the: A) tax shield from debt. 24) MM Proposition I without taxes does not hold when corporate taxes are introduced because: A) levered firms pay less in taxes than identical unlevered firms. 25) Assume an unlevered firm has total assets of $6,000, earnings before interest and taxes of $600, and 500 shares of stock outstanding. Further assume the firm decides to change 40 percent of its capital structure to debt with an interest rate of 8 percent. Ignore taxes. What will be the amount of the change in the earnings per share as a result of this change in the capital structure? A) $.16 Interest Expense = Debt Amount * Interest Rate Interest Expense = (0.40 * $6,000) * 0.08 Interest Expense = $192 New EBIT = Old EBIT - Interest Expense New EBIT = $600 - $192 New EBIT = $408 New EPS = New Net Income / New Number of Shares New EPS = $408 / [500*(1-0.4)] New EPS = $1.36 Old EPS = Old Net Income / Old Number of Shares Old EPS = $600 / 500 Old EPS = $1.20 Change in EPS = $1.36 - $1.20 Change in EPS = $0.16 26) A firm has a debt-equity ratio of .52, a pretax cost of debt of 6.5 percent, and a required return on assets of 12 percent. Ignoring taxes, what is the cost of equity? A) 14.86 percent Calculation of Cost of Equity: Kd = 6.5% Debt to Equity Ratio = 0.52 It Means Debt = 0.52 & Equity = 1 Required Return=12= Ke *EQUweight/TOTweight + Kd*DEBweight/TOTWeight Cost of Equity= 14.86% 27) A firm has zero debt in its capital structure and has an overall cost of capital of 10 percent. The firm is considering a new capital structure with 60 percent debt at an interest rate of 8 percent. Assuming there are no taxes or other imperfections, what would be the cost of equity with the new capital structure? A) 13 percent Unlevered cost of capital, Ku = 10% Cost of debt, Kd = 8% Debt % = 60% Equity= 1-0.6= 0.4 Debt to equity= D/E= 0.6/0.4= 1.5 Cost of equity= Ku + D/E *(Ku-Kd)= 0.13
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