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CQ
Q1)
For Lockheed Martin, we got a beta of 0.727. This tells us that the stock is positively correlated with the market, though the correlation is not perfect. If the stock market goes down by 1 point, the Lockheed Martin stock should also go down, but only by 0.727 points. Similarly, if the stock market goes up by 1 point, the Lockheed Martin stock should go up, but only by 0.727 points.
For Alibaba, we got a beta of 1.027. This tells us that the stock is positively correlated with the market, though the correlation is not perfect. If the stock market goes down by 1 point, the Alibaba stock should also go down, but by 1.027 points – because it is more volatile than the wider market. Similarly, if the stock market goes up by 1 point, the Alibaba stock should go up, but by 1.027 points – again, because it is more volatile than the wider market.
For Tesla, we got a beta of 1.76. This tells us that the stock is positively correlated with the market, though the correlation is not perfect. If the stock market goes down by 1 point, the Tesla stock should also go down, but by 1.76 points – because it is more volatile than the wider market. Similarly, if the stock market goes up by 1 point, the Tesla stock should go up, but by 1.76 points – again, because it is more volatile than the wider market.
Q2)
An aggressive stock is a stock that is higher-risk – it has the potential to provide higher returns than the market, albeit with higher associated risk. These stocks usually have higher betas. A defensive stock is a stock that tends to provide more consistent and stable returns – especially during economic downturns – with the trade-off of less potential upside to the stock during bull markets. Defensive stocks
usually have lower betas.
As per these definitions, Tesla would be a very aggressive stock with a beta of 1.76; Alibaba would be a mostly neutral/mildly aggressive stock with a beta of 1.027; and Lockheed Martin would be a defensive stock with a beta of 0.727.
Q3)
Tesla stock has by far the highest beta of our three stocks. This is partially due to the fact that Tesla is
still a fairly young company in a high-capital-demand industry. Tesla’s volatility is also partially down to how highly valued it is compared to its earnings, with 32.60 Enterprise Value/EBITDA and 7.07 Enterprise
Value/Revenue. This higher value comes from investor confidence and belief in a positive future outlook for the company. However, every time the company doesn’t meet investor expectations (or Elon Tweets something) the expectations can severely degrade, drastically lowering the stock’s value. These swings in
value compared to the rest of the automotive industry drive the beta up.
Alibaba’s beta is lower than Tesla’s but higher than Lockheed Martin’s. Alibaba’s significantly lower beta compared to Tesla can in part be attributed to the “soft” nature of their industry – mostly software/online focused for Alibaba compared to manufacturing and engineering for Tesla. This type of industry and business model requires less PPE (Property, Plant, & Equipment) and relies more on soft skills such as coding and software engineering. This also minimizes long-term debt compared to the other two companies – Lockheed Martin’s long-term debt constitutes 35% of their total liabilities (15,429/43,614), Tesla’s long-term debt constitutes 27% of their total liabilities (1,597+ 2,804+ 5,330/ 36,440), while Alibaba’s long-term debt constitutes 12% of their total liabilities (551+ 6,033+ 5,028/ 96,755). Note: some long-term Alibaba liabilities as presented on their “Fiscal Year 2022 Annual Report” were excluded due to US/Chinese reporting, corporate structure, and tax differences. However, the
wider tech industry’s recent instability (partially due to the tech selloff and crypto bankruptcies) increases the overall risk of such securities.
Lockheed Martin has the lowest beta of the three securities. Being one of the biggest companies in the US’ MIC (Military Industrial Complex) brings a certain “security”, with the company being regarded by some as being “too big to fail”. Their long-term and valuable contracts with governments around the world mean that the company is less susceptible to swings in economic cycles and gives it a lower volatility compared to the other companies.
Tesla - https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/TSLA/
, https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318605/000095017023001409/tsla-20221231.htm
Alibaba – https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/BABA?p=BABA
, https://static.alibabagroup.com/reports/fy2022/ar/ebook/en/index.html
Lockheed Martin - https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/LMT?p=LMT
, https://www.lockheedmartin.com/content/dam/lockheed-martin/eo/documents/annual-reports/
lockheed-martin-annual-report-2022.pdf
Q4)
Since the forecast is for the stock market to go up, we want to capitalize on this and maximize our gains. This is done by choosing a stock with the highest beta. Our stocks have betas of 0.727 (Lockheed Martin), 1.027 (Alibaba), and 1.76 (Tesla). In our case, we should buy the Tesla stock with a beta of 1.76 because it is more volatile than the wider market. So, the stock will go up even more than the market. To
be exact, it will go up by 1.76 points for every 1 point that the wider stock market will go up. Both Alibaba and Lockheed Martin stocks will also go up, but less so than the Tesla stock.
Q5)
Since the forecast is for the stock market to go down, we want to minimize our losses. This is done by choosing a stock with the lowest beta. Ideally, we would have a stock with a negative beta, which would allow us to gain a return, as a negative beta means that a stock is inversely correlated with the market. So, if we bought a negative beta stock and the market went down, we would make a profit. However, our stocks have betas of 0.727 (Lockheed Martin), 1.027 (Alibaba), and 1.76 (Tesla). We should buy the Lockheed Martin stock with a beta of 0.727 because it is less volatile. While the stock will go down with the market, it will go down less than the market. To be exact, it will go down by 0.727 points for every 1 point that the wider stock market will go down. Both Alibaba and Tesla stocks, however, will go down more that the wider stock market.
Q6)
To get the portfolio beta as high as possible, the highest allocated stock (60% of portfolio weight) needs to have the highest beta of the three chosen stocks; the 30% portfolio weight stock needs to have the second highest beta; and the final stock with the lowest beta of the three should have the lowest portfolio allocation (10% of portfolio weight). Of our three chosen stocks, Alibaba has a beta of 1.027, Lockheed Martin has a beta of 0.727, and Tesla has a beta of 1.76. Therefore, if we wanted to maximize the portfolio beta and maintain the 60%, 30%, and 10% stock weights, Tesla should comprise 60% of our portfolio, Alibaba 30%, and Lockheed Martin 10%.
Q7)
To get the portfolio beta as low as possible, the highest allocated stock (60% of portfolio weight) needs to have the lowest beta of the three chosen stocks; the 30% portfolio weight stock needs to have the second lowest beta; and the final stock with the highest beta of the three should have the lowest portfolio allocation (10% of portfolio weight). Of our three chosen stocks, Alibaba has a beta of 1.027,
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Related Questions
Suppose you estimate that the correlation between Abercrombie and Fitch (ANF) stock returns with market portfolio returns is 0.85. You also estimate that ANF's stock return's are twice as variable (σANFσM=2.0). Therefore, what is the the beta for ANF stock (βANF) ?
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a
b
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Question content area bottom
Part 1
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enter your response here
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Part 2
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Part 3
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Part 4
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Syntex, Inc. is considering an investment in one of two common stocks. Given the information that follows, which investment is better, based on the risk (as measured by the standard deviation) and return?
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(Click
on the icon
in order to copy its contents into a
spreadsheet.)
Question content area bottom
Part 1
a. Given the information in the table, the expected rate of return for stock A is
enter your response here%.
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