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FIN111 Introductory Principles of Finance Spring 2023 Assessment Task 2 - Report Submitted by: Zara Ahmed 7793868
According to Commonwealth Bank CEO Matt Comyn, the Australian home mortgage market is a rapidly changing and fiercely competitive landscape, with many financial institutions competing to offer potential homeowners a variety of lending options during a time of radical change and intense competition. (Thomson, 2023) When looking for a mortgage, it is important to evaluate the product thoroughly, considering things like interest rates, the type of interest rates (fixed versus variable), and the presence of an offset account. The inclusion of the interest rate while figuring up the monthly repayment amount is crucial. A lower mortgage interest rate is a wise financial move that will result in significant savings over the course of the loan. When looking for the option to make extra payments or withdraw money, choosing a house loan with a variable interest rate is useful. It is critical to understand that a variable loan's interest rate may change in reaction to market circumstances. The market for mortgages is dominated by the big banks. The majority of the domestic house loan industry is dominated by Commonwealth, Westpac, NAB, and ANZ. To gain market share, they might make use of economies of scale and well-known brands. (IBIS WORLD, 2023) I have evaluated three different mortgage choices provided by different financial institutions, including Westpac, ANZ, and CBA. (Appendix 1) In this analysis of three well-known Australian financial institutions—Commonwealth Bank of Australia (CBA), Westpac, and Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (ANZ) — I have compared their interest rates. With a comparable rate of 6.62% p.a., CBA's Standard Variable Rate provides a competitive interest rate of 6.24% p.a. Access to offset accounts and a number of other advantages are offered by the loan. Contrarily, Westpac's Flexi First Option Home Loan, which is subject to particular discount offers, has the lowest interest rate in our review at 6.19% p.a. With no recurring fees and an unlimited number of additional repayment options, this loan emphasises flexibility. Although detailed repayment information was not provided, ANZ's Simplicity PLUS - Variable Rate stands out because to its special offer reduction for customers with lower loan-to-value ratios. The Standard Variable Rate from CBA has useful features despite having a slightly higher interest rate. Simplicity PLUS from ANZ continues to be competitive because to its discount for specific borrowers. Considering the provided assumptions and my specific circumstances, I find that Westpac's Flexi First Option Home Loan with an initial interest rate of 6.19% p.a. is the most suitable choice for me. This loan offers the flexibility I need, allowing unlimited extra repayments and comes with the benefit of no ongoing fees. Furthermore, I have already saved 20% for the deposit and associated costs, making me eligible for this loan. Although there will be interest rate increases in the future, they are gradual and well-spaced. Overall, this loan aligns with my financial goals, combining a competitive rate with repayment flexibility and cost- effectiveness, making it the most favourable option for me.
a. Calculations Note: Westpac’s Interest Rate: 6.19% per annum Student Number: 7793868 Amount Borrowed: $779386 PVA n = CF i x [ 1 1 ( 1 + i ) n ] 1. Initial Fortnightly Payment: PVA = $779386 n= 650 (25 years x 26 fortnights) i= 0.00238077 (6.19%/26) 779386 650 = CF 0.00238077 x [ 1 1 ( 1 + 0.00238077 ) 650 ] CF = 2358.25 Initial Fortnightly Payment (Years 1-5) = $2358.25 2. Fortnightly payment in Year 6 – 10 PVA = $702896.90 (Balance after 5 years) n= 650 (25 years x 26 fortnights) i= 0.00328462 (6.19%+2.35%/26) 702896.90 650 = CF 0.00328462 x [ 1 1 ( 1 + 0.00328462 ) 650 ] CF = 2821.52 Fortnightly Payment (Years 6-10) = $2821.52 3. Fortnightly Payments in Year 11-15 PVA = $619910.33 (Balance after 10 years) n= 650 (25 years x 26 fortnights) i= 0.003592308 (6.19%+2.35%+0.8%/26) 619910.33 650 = CF 0.003592308 x [ 1 1 ( 1 + 0.003592308 ) 650 ] CF = 2957.26 Fortnightly Payment (Years 11-15) = $2957.26
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4. Fortnightly Payments in Year 16-25 PVA = $ 499170.83 (Balance after 15 years) n= 650 (25 years x 26 fortnights) i= 0.004207692 (6.19%+2.35%+0.8%+1.6%/26) 499170.83 650 = CF 0.004207692 x [ 1 1 ( 1 + 0.004207692 ) 650 ] CF = 3161.49 Fortnightly Payment (Years 16-25) = $3161.49 (Year 19-25: Extra payment of $800) 5. Effective Annual Interest Rate EAR = ( 1 + APR m ) m 1 APR= quoted interest rate m= no. of compounds per year Year 1-5: EAR = ( 1 + 6.19% 26 ) 26 1 EAR= 6.38% Year 6-10: EAR = ( 1 + 8.54 % 26 ) 26 1 EAR= 8.9% Year 11-15: EAR = ( 1 + 9.34% 26 ) 26 1 EAR= 9.77% Year 16-25: EAR = ( 1 + 10.94 % 26 ) 26 1 EAR= 11.54% 6. Average Effective Annual Interest Rate EAR 1 5 + EAR 6 10 EAR 11 15 + EAR 16 25 4 ¿ 6.38% + 8.9% + 9.77% + 11.54 % 4
¿ 9.15% b. The additional fortnightly repayment has a consequential impact on the terms of the mortgage, as it has resulted in the acceleration of the loan repayment schedule. Originally, our mortgage was slated to be fully amortized over a 25-year period, equivalent to 650 fortnightly payments. However, as of the conclusion of the last fortnightly payment cycle, we find ourselves with a surplus balance of $800. This surplus indicates that we have successfully satisfied our loan obligations one fortnightly period ahead of the initially projected timeline. The home mortgage loan's amortisation schedule was significantly altered due to the additional payments. Increased principal payments have resulted in faster loan debt repayment, reduced interest paid, a shorter loan term, and a lower overall cost for your home. These additional payments sped up the process gave me more financial flexibility.
Reflective Summary I made an effort to comprehend the specifics of mortgage financing and its practical applications as I completed my financial assignment. The steps I took, the difficulties I had, the lessons I learned, and how this assignment relates to the practical facets of financial decision-making will all be included in this reflective review. a. I started off by doing a lot of research on the many Australian financial institutions that provide home loans. To acquire information on interest rates and fees, I looked through the websites of banks like Westpac, ANZ, CBA and NAB. I selected to concentrate on Westpac and chose their standard variable rate home loan as the subject of my investigation after thoroughly comparing all of their mortgage products. I calculated the initial fortnightly payment for a 25-year mortgage using the Present Value of Annuity (PVA) formula using the first six digits of my student ID. In addition, I calculated the average effective annual interest rate across the whole 25- year period as well as the effective annual interest rates for each period. Using all of this information I created an amortisation schedule as required. b. The biggest obstacle I encountered was figuring out the confusing world of financial terms and concepts. The complexities of interest rates, compounding, and amortisation turned out to be more challenging to comprehend than first thought. Additionally, it took persistence and careful attention to detail to pull current and pertinent information from the financial institution's websites. It was difficult to create the Excel spreadsheet for the mortgage amortisation schedule. It was a demanding undertaking that required accuracy to ensure calculating accuracy while taking shifting interest rates into account. It had a lot of parts, so it was highly complicated and time-consuming. c. When it comes to financial literacy, this task was informative. It emphasised the value of conducting careful study and exercising due diligence before making important financial decisions, such as acquiring a mortgage. Small variations in fees and interest rates can result in significant variations in the overall cost of homeownership. In addition, I gained a thorough understanding of the mechanics of mortgage amortisation as well as how the allocation of the primary and interest payments changes over time. The idea of effective yearly interest rates helped to clarify the true cost of borrowing and reaffirmed how crucial it is to evaluate loans with various structures and maturities. d. This assignment perfectly captures the choices that many people must make when buying their first homes. It exemplifies the value of making informed decisions and the practical use of financial knowledge. Prospective homeowners can benefit greatly from knowing how mortgage amortisation works and how to assess the effects of interest rate fluctuations. The project also fits flawlessly with actual financial planning. It serves as an example of the possible advantages of early repayment techniques, echoing the techniques used by many homeowners who want to pay off their mortgages more quickly.
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Appendix 1 Image 3. ANZ Image 3 Westpac Image 3 CBA
Reference List Thomson, J. (2023). Why the Mortgage Market Has Gone ‘Crazy’ – and How You Can Profit . [online] Australian Financial Review. Available at: https://www.afr.com/chanticleer/why-the-mortgage-market-has-gone-crazy-and-how-you- can-profit-20230224-p5cney IBIS WORLD (2023). Mortgages in Australia - Market Size, Industry Analysis, Trends and Forecasts (2023-2028) | IBISWorld . [online] www.ibisworld.com. Available at: https://www.ibisworld.com/au/industry/mortgages/1909/#Performance Westpac Interest Rates: https://www.westpac.com.au/personal-banking/home-loans/all-interest-rates/? cid=wc:hl:WBCHL_1904:sem:sem:sem_%2Bwestpac%20%2Bmortgage %20%2Brate_b&gad=1&gclid=CjwKCAjwjaWoBhAmEiwAXz8DBf9x49qc1fUwd_6gg93t 0qQ_o7OiWVm9EAdo7Cnhs2ThV8bQ51YXwBoCatUQAvD_BwE&gclsrc=aw.ds ANZ Interest Rates: https://www.anz.com.au/personal/home-loans/? cid=ps:hl:dr:spring:2&&jvt_k=mortgage&gad=1&gclid=CjwKCAjwjaWoBhAmEiwAXz8D BY-2pR6MrIQeiCD8Bf30ST7KGksVSxHxRGdC1pjZUIyT- V4w2Y5IfBoCuNQQAvD_BwE&gclsrc=aw.ds CBA Interest Rates: https://www.commbank.com.au/home-loans/interest-rates.html