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Apr 3, 2024
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Exam #3 Question Set
#1 Define the following terms:
■
STRIPS – Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities. The cash
flows of bonds are commonly transformed by securities firms to create principal only and interest
only bonds.
■
TIPS – Treasury Inflation Protected Securities. Provides returns tied to the inflation
rate, the principal value is increased by the amount of the U.S. inflation rate.
■
Savings Bonds – Issued by the Treasury, but they can be purchased from many
financial institutions. Can be purchased with as little as $25. Interest income on savings bonds is
not subject to state and local taxes but is subject to federal taxes
■
Federal Agency Bonds - Issues by federal agencies such as the Federal National
Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Association (Freddie
Mac) who use the proceeds to purchase mortgages in the secondary market.
■
Revenue Bonds – are supported by revenues of the project (tollway, toll bridge, state
college dormitory, etc.) for which bonds were issued.
■
Junk Bonds – Corporate bonds perceived as very high risk, primary investors – mutual
funds, life insurance companies, and pension funds. Offer a high yield compared to Treasury
yields.
■
CDO – Collateralized Debt Obligations. Corporate bonds are sometimes packaged by
commercial banks. Investors receive the interest or principal payments generated by the debt
securities. Other debt – credit card loans, car loans, and commercial or residential mortgages.
Structured financial instruments that purchase and pool financial assets such as the riskier
tranches of various mortgage backed securities.
#2
Explain the following bond attributes:
■
Sinking Fund Provisions - a requirement that the firm retire a certain amount of the
bond issue each year
■
Protective Covenants - restrictions placed on the issuing firm that are designed to
protect bondholders from being exposed to increasing risk during the investment period
■
Call Provisions - Normally requires a price above par value when bonds are called. The
difference between the bond’s call price and par value is the call premium. If market
interest rates decline, the firm may sell a new issue of bonds with a lower interest rate and
use the proceeds to retire the previous issue by calling the old bonds.
#8
(a) Define the two types of a bond’s interest rate risk. – price risk and income
long term bonds?
When the realized return is higher than the yield to maturity? When bond was
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What is the relationship between return and interest rate? - When the interest rate
(%) moves up, the return or bond prices move down and vice versa.
What is an investment that guarantees the realized return equal to the yield,
Zero coupon bond guarantees the realized return equal
to YTM, it doesn’t depend on interest rate moves
#10
(a) Explain the differences between a straight bond and an optioned bond. Straight bond
offers fixed interest payment and the return of principal at maturity. Optioned bond has call or
put options
(b) Give 3 examples of optioned bonds and specify each’s optionality. Callable bond-
issuer has an option of redemption of bond before maturity date. Puttable bond - can be sold
before the maturity date. Convertible bond - can be converted into common stock share.
#14
(c) For a 30-year, 6% coupon, semi annual payments, face value $1000, if the yield is 8%,
compute the current bond price.
(d) Two years later, if the yield of the same bond becomes 9%, compute the new bond
price then.
(e) If to buy at (a) price and sell at (b) price, compute the realized (horizon) return on this
bond investment.
17 Based on the lecture/video, put the relationship between bond yield and callable bond
price, and the relationship between the bond yield and the non-callable bond price on the
same graph (there are two curves). Make sure to label the axes clearly.
18 Based on the video/lecture, draw a graph to show how bond price moves over time
toward maturity, assuming the bond is originally a “premium” bond, and the interest rate
has been “mostly” rising toward maturity.
19 From the lecture, “explain” 4 most common types of bond yield risk premium.
20 Using the following actual callable bond trade record,
Interest rate Bond Price PVBP Duration
6.00% $99.51
5.95% $ 99.85 A
5.80% $100.7 B
5.50% $ 99.85
(a) Show the process and compute the PVBP at point A. 6%-5.95% = 0.05%. $99.51 - $99.85
= 0.34. 0.34/0.0005 = 680
(b) Show the process and compute the Duration at point B. 6% - 5.8% = 0.20% = 0.0020. 100.7 - 99.85 = 0.85. -1/100.7 * 0.85/0.0020 = -4.22
21 Graphically show the interest rate and bond price relationship for both a callable bond
and a non-callable bond in the same graph. Make sure to label all axes points. MULTIPLE CHOICE
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For a bond has a current price at $90 with a PVBP = 6.8 cent/bp, what will be the bond price if the
interest rate goes down by 10 bps.?
(a)
$89.32
(b)
$90.00
(c)
$90.68
For a bond has a current price at $80 with a duration=5.68 %/%, what will be the bond price if the
interest rate goes up by 50 bps.?
(a)
$82.27
(b)
$80.00
(c)
$77.73
For a 30-year bond with a face value at $1000, a coupon rate of 6%, paying semi-annually, what is
the price of the bond if you bought the bond at the interest rate of 8%:
(a) $ 773.77
(b) $ 1000
(c) $ 774.84
For the last bond, you held it for 5 years and decided to sell it at then the interest rate of 5%, what
is the sell price of the bond:
(a) $1140.94
(b) $ 1000
(c) $1141.81
What is the realized return (%) of this investment?
(a)
+8.71%
(b)
14.55%
(c)
-6.75%
You bought a bond at a 5% yield level, and you sell the same bond at a 7% yield level, your
realized rate of return is
(a)
Higher than 5%
(b)
Higher than 6%
(c)
Lower than 5%.
Which one of the following does not have the optionality on time to maturity:
(a)
TIPS
(b)
Callable bond
(c)
Convertible bond
When a company issues a callable bond and a non-callable bond at the same time:
(a)
The callable bond yield is higher than the non-callable bond yield
(b)
The callable bond yield is the same as the non-callable bond yield
(c)
The callable bond yield lower than the non-callable bond yield
Which of the following is the most accurate statement?
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(a)
Call bond price is lower than the straight bond.
(b)
Puttable bond has a lower price than a callable bond
(c)
TIPS adjusts annual coupon rate to follow inflation rate.
Which one of the following is the most accurate statement?
(a)
If the coupon rate is higher than the interest rate, the bond is selling at a discount.
(b)
As rising interest rates help your reinvestment income, a bond investor should want interest
rate to rise.
(c)
A long-term, zero-coupon bond has the largest price risk.
Which one of the following is the LEAST ACCURATE statement?
(a)
The minimum denomination for Treasury Notes and Bonds is $1000.
(b)
Note maturities are less than 10 years. Bond maturities are 10 years or more.
(c)
Treasury bond interest is only taxed on the federal level but exempt from state and local
levels.
Which of the following is the most accurate statement?
(a)
Municipal bonds must pay a slight premium in yield for being less liquid than similar Treasury
bonds.
(b)
Municipal bonds, issued by the state government or municipality, have a similar default risk
than Treasury bonds.
(c)
Since Municipal bond interest income is not taxed on the federal level, Municipal bonds
usually have a higher yield than Treasury bonds.
Which of the following is the LEAST ACCURATE statement?
(a)
Corporate bonds are often used to finance a leveraged buyout.
(b)
Corporate bonds are often used to revise the capital structure.
(c)
Corpore bonds are often used for working capital purposes.
Which of the following is the MOST ACCURTE statement?
(a)
When bonds "selling at premium" suggest that current interest rate is rising.
(b)
A zero-coupon bond has to be always priced in a deep discount.
(c)
When interest rate changes, bond's price risk is usually offset by the income risk.
Which of the following bond strategies is NOT DESIGNED to "to cover liquidity needs while also
trying to achieve decent returns?"
(a)
Laddered strategy
(b)
Barbell strategy
(c)
Interest rate strategy
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