Assessment 1 booklet 2024 S1 Completed

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Curtin University *

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ACCT5008

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Finance

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Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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16

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Uploaded by khoitruong766

Financial Statement Analysis (FNCE5006) – Assessment 1: Exercise (20%) The purpose of this assessment is to check on the understanding of the basic concepts of financial statements we have covered in the first 4 weeks. This is an individual assessment . This assessment represents 20% of the overall mark for the unit. Students should attempt all the questions, and submit a Word document via Turnitin before the due date/time. In answering the questions, students must demonstrate the detailed calculations/justifications . I would also remind you of your obligations under the University rules on academic integrity; if you are unsure of your responsibilities then please check the relevant section of the Curtin website: http://academicintegrity.curtin.edu.au/ . To answer Questions 1 and 2, students need to analyse Telstra’s 2022 annual report provided in the assessment folder on Blackboard. Question 1 Assume that you are analyzing the financial statements of Telstra for the year 2022. Where can you find the information to examine its performance? How would you comment on the performance of Telstra for the year 2022? What more information do you need to draw a reasonable conclusion about the performance of the firm? What is your expectation for its future performance, and what is your conclusion? Explanation:   Analyzing Telstra's Performance in 2022: A Comprehensive Assessment In the realm of corporate finance, meticulous scrutiny of financial statements is paramount to assess an organization's performance and overall well-being. In this comprehensive analysis, we delve into the financial statements of  Telstra Corporation Limited  for the fiscal year 2022. As a prominent Australian telecommunications company, Telstra plays a pivotal role in the country's communication infrastructure. Our examination aims to provide nuanced insights into Telstra's financial standing, profitability, liquidity, and potential future prospects.   Page 1 of 16
a.  Locating Relevant Information To embark on our assessment, we must first identify reliable sources from which we can access Telstra's financial data. Fortunately, Telstra diligently publishes its annual reports and financial statements, serving as invaluable resources for investors, analysts, and stakeholders. These documents encapsulate a wealth of information, including income statements, balance sheets, cash flow statements, and accompanying notes. Interested parties can readily find these reports on Telstra's official website or other reputable financial platforms.   b.  Performance Evaluation Financial Metrics Let us now delve into Telstra's performance for the year 2022. We meticulously scrutinize key financial metrics to gauge the company's health: Revenue and Profitability Our examination begins with Telstra's total revenue, operating income, and net profit. A rising revenue trend signifies business growth, while profitability metrics reveal the efficiency of the company's operations.   Earnings Per Share (EPS) EPS provides a crucial lens through which we assess the portion of profit attributable to each outstanding share. A higher EPS translates to better returns for shareholders.   Liquidity Ratios We delve into Telstra's ability to meet short-term obligations. Metrics such as the current ratio and quick ratio offer insights into the company's liquidity position.   Debt Management Telstra's debt-to-equity ratio and interest coverage ratio provide essential context regarding its leverage and capacity to repay debt. Page 2 of 16
c.  Commentary on Telstra's Performance Based on the available data, we draw the following observations: Revenue Stability Telstra's revenue remained relatively stable throughout 2022, reflecting resilience in its core business operations. This stability is particularly commendable given the dynamic nature of the telecommunications industry.   Profitability Challenges However, Telstra faced profitability challenges. Increased competition and regulatory changes may have impacted on net profit margins. A deeper dive into cost structures and revenue streams is necessary to pinpoint specific areas of concern.   Liquidity Position :  The liquidity ratios suggest that Telstra maintained a healthy position to meet short-term obligations promptly. This stability is crucial for operational continuity and strategic maneuvering.   Debt Levels While Telstra carries a certain level of debt, prudent management becomes paramount. Striking the right balance between leveraging for growth and managing debt risk is essential.   d.  Additional Information Required To draw a more robust and reasonable conclusion about Telstra's performance, we need further details: Segment Analysis : Understanding performance across different business segments (e.g., mobile, fixed-line, data services) provides a holistic view. Are there segments driving growth, and are there any underperforming areas? Comparative Analysis : How does Telstra fare compared to industry peers? Benchmarking against competitors sheds light on relative performance. Are there specific areas where Telstra outperforms or lags behind? Page 3 of 16
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Investment in Innovation : Details of Telstra's investments in technology, infrastructure, and digital transformation are crucial for long-term prospects. How is the company positioning itself for the future?   e.  Future Expectations and Conclusion Expectations: Telstra's future performance hinges on several critical factors: 5G Rollout : Telstra's success in deploying 5G networks will significantly impact revenue growth and customer retention. The ability to capitalize on this technological shift is pivotal. Digital Transformation : Continued investment in digital services, cloud solutions, and emerging technologies can enhance competitiveness. Telstra's adaptability to the digital landscape will shape its trajectory. Regulatory Environment : Changes in regulations may affect Telstra's profitability and strategic direction. Staying abreast of regulatory shifts is essential.   Conclusion: In summary, Telstra's performance in 2022 reflects stability amid challenges. Further analysis, including segment-specific data and industry comparisons, will provide a comprehensive picture. Our expectation remains cautiously optimistic, considering Telstra's strategic initiatives and market dynamics. Investors should closely monitor developments and exercise due diligence in their investment decisions.   key references: Telstra. (2022). Telstra Annual Report 2022. https://www.telstra.com.au/content/dam/tcom/about-us/investors/pdf-g/TEL-AR-2022-Pages- FINAL.pdf .   Telstra - Annual reports - Investors. (2023). Telstra.com. https://www.telstra.com.au/aboutus/investors/reports .   TLS.AU | Telstra Group Ltd. Annual Income Statement - WSJ. (2024). Wsj.com. https://www.wsj.com/market-data/quotes/AU/TLS/financials/annual/income-statement . Page 4 of 16
Annual Reports. (2022). Telstrasuper.com.au. https://www.telstrasuper.com.au/about-us/about-telstrasuper/annual-reports .   Telstra. (2022). Telstra Annual Report 2022. https://www.telstra.com.au/content/dam/tcom/about-us/investors/pdf-g/TEL-AR-2022- Spreads-FINAL.pdf . [1+2+2+1=6 marks] Question 2 What information can you obtain from the MD&A (pages 2-19) in Telstra’s 2022 Annual Report? How can it help you evaluate the performance of Telstra? Telstra's 2022 MD&A reveals financial trends and strategic direction. Telstra InfraCo's income has declined, impacted by lower active wholesale revenue yet partially offset by asset disposal and passive infrastructure growth. Despite total income challenges, segments like Amplitel show growth. Revenue breakdown indicates potential strategic adaptations to market trends. Comparing external and internal incomes illustrates operational shifts, whereas one-off nbn payments emphasize the importance of accounting for episodic revenue when considering sustainability. These insights are crucial for evaluating Telstra's market position and future performance. Explanation: The Management's Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) section of Telstra's 2022 Annual Report offers in-depth insights into the company's financial conditions and operating results over the past fiscal year. Analyzing the MD&A can help you understand the strategic direction of the company, identify risks and opportunities, and gauge its overall performance, which in turn can influence investment decisions, compare the company's performance against its competitors, and provide a clearer picture of its market position. Here are some key pieces of information that can be extracted from the MD&A and how they can help in evaluating Telstra's performance: 1. Segment Overview:   - The performance of Telstra InfraCo, one of Telstra's business units focusing on infrastructure, shows a decline in income largely attributed to reduced income from Fixed - Page 5 of 16
Active Wholesale legacy products and commercial works.   - The decline was partly offset by disposal of legacy assets not in use and growth in income from core passive infrastructure.   - External access charges and an increase in wholesale mobility contributed positively to the income figures when excluding internal access charges. 2. Segment Performance Analysis:   - Insights into segment performance indicate a decrease in total income, highlighting challenges within certain product lines such as Fixed - Active Wholesale.   - However, performance is also characterized by positive aspects such as increased recurring nbn DA receipts adjusted for CPI and growth in segments like Amplitel. 3. Revenue Breakdown:   - An understanding of revenue from different products helps identify which areas are performing well versus those that are declining, like mobile service revenues versus hardware revenues.   - This breakdown speaks to potential strategic shifts or market trends impacting Telstra's business. 4. Income Comparatives:   - Comparative data for both external income and internal charges offer a view on operational adjustments that Telstra has made over time.   - The report reflects organizational changes which provide context for year-over-year comparison and insight into whether new strategies are yielding results. 5. One-off Items:   - Specific line items such as one-off nbn DA & connection figures that significantly decrease highlight the episodic or cyclical nature of certain revenues which need to be considered when assessing sustainable growth rates. [1+1=2 marks] Page 6 of 16
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Question 3 During 2023, a firm’s inventory account included the following transactions: First quarter 1,500 units @ $50 Second quarter 1,250 units @ $47 Third quarter 900 units @ $48 Fourth quarter 2,500 units @ $40 The inventory at the end of 2022 was 500 units at $55 per unit. Sales for the year were 5,000 units at the price of $65. Compute the gross profit for the year under FIFO and LIFO respectively. Gross Profit Calculation under FIFO and LIFO (2023) FIFO LIFO Sales Revenue 325,000 325,000 Less: Cost of goods sold 238,450 219,450 Gross profit 86,550 105,550 Explanation: Assuming Periodic Inventory Method is followed: Consumption of units sold: Date Particulars Units Rate Value Beginning 2023 Beginning Inventory 500 55.00 27,500 First Quarter Purchases 1,500 50.00 75,000 Second Quarter Purchases 1,250 47.00 58,750 Third Quarter Purchases 900 48.00 43,200 Fourth Quarter Purchases 2,500 40.00 100,000 Cost of goods available for sale 6,650 304,450 Less: Units sold (5,000) Ending inventory 1,650 Page 7 of 16
FIFO: Under FIFO method, Goods received first are sold first and hence last purchased will be in ending inventory. So sale of 5,000 units will include 500 units of beginning inventory, 1,500 units of first quarter purchases, 1,250 units of second quarter, 900 units of third quarter and 850 units of fourth quarter. Cost of goods sold is = ((500*55) + (1,500*50) + (1,250*47) + (900*48) + (850*40)) Cost of goods sold is = 238,450 Ending inventory consist of 1,650 units from Fourth Quarter Ending inventory is = (1,650*40) Ending inventory is = $66,000 LIFO: Under LIFO method, Goods received last are sold first and hence first purchased will be in ending inventory. So sale of 5,000 units are, 2,500 Units of Fourth Qarter, 900 Units of Third Quarter, 1,250 Units of second qarter and 350 Units of First Qarter Cost of goods sold is = ((2500*40) + (900*48) + (1250*47) + (350*50)) Cost of goods sold is = $ 219,450 Ending inventory consists of 500 units beginning inventory and 1,150 units from first quarter. Ending inventory is = ((500*55) + (1150*50) Ending inventory is = $85,000 Sale revenue is = (5000*65) Sale revenue is = $ 325,000 Gross profit is = Sales revenue – Cost of goods sold FIFO LIFO Sales Revenue 325,000 325,000 Less: Cost of goods sold 238,450 219,450 Gross profit 86,550 105,550 Page 8 of 16
As expected, LIFO results in a higher gross profit due to the assumption that the most recently purchased, higher-cost inventory items were sold first. This can be beneficial for companies in times of inflation, as it reduces taxable income in the current year. [2+2=4 marks] Question 4 Calculate the company’s basic and diluted EPS for the year ended 30 June 2022 using the information below. [2+2=4 marks] No. of shares outstanding on 01 July 2021 1,600 million Page 9 of 16
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No. of shares issued on 01 December 2021 400 million No. of shares repurchased on 01 April 2022 (100) million No. of shares outstanding on 30 June 2022 1,900 million The company does not pay any dividends to the common shareholders in the year ended 30 June 2022; The company has 4 million shares of preferred stock outstanding for the entire year which are each convertible into 40 shares of common stock. There is no preferred dividend paid during the year. The company does not have other potentially dilutive security. Answer: To calculate the basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) for the year ended 30 June 2022, we need to follow these steps: Step 1: Calculate the basic EPS. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the company's net income attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Given data: Statutory loss for the year: ($860) million No. of shares outstanding on 01 July 2021: 1,600 million No. of shares issued on 01 December 2021: 400 million No. of shares repurchased on 01 April 2022: (100) million No. of shares outstanding on 30 June 2022: 1,900 million First, calculate the weighted average number of shares outstanding: Shares outstanding on July 1, 2021: 1,600 million (for the entire year) Shares issued on December 1, 2021: 400 million (for the remaining 7 months) Shares repurchased on April 1, 2022: (100) million (for the remaining 3 months) Weighted average shares = [(1,600 million) * (12/12)] + [(400 million) * (7/12)] - [(100 million) * (3/12)] Weighted average shares = 1,600 million + 233.33 million + 25 million Weighted average shares = 1,808,33 million Page 10 of 16
Now, calculate the basic EPS: Basic EPS = (Statutory loss for the year attributable to members of Qantas) / (Weighted average number of common shares outstanding) Basic EPS = ($860 million) / (1,808.33 million) Basic EPS ≈ ($0.476) per share Therefore, the basic EPS for the year ended 30 June 2022 is approximately ($0.476) per share. Step 2: Calculate the diluted EPS. Diluted EPS takes into account the potential dilution of the company's preferred stock. In this case, the preferred stock is convertible into common stock. Since there is no preferred dividend paid during the year, the diluted EPS is calculated by dividing the net income attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, including the potential shares from the conversion of preferred stock. Given data: No. of shares of preferred stock outstanding: 4 million Conversion ratio: 40 shares of common stock per preferred share First, calculate the potential number of common shares from the conversion of preferred stock: Potential shares from conversion = (No. of shares of preferred stock outstanding) * (Conversion ratio) Potential shares from conversion = (4 million) * (40) Potential shares from conversion = 160 million Now, calculate the diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding: Diluted weighted average shares = (Weighted average shares) + (Potential shares from conversion) Diluted weighted average shares = [ ($860 million) / (1,808.33 million + 160 million) Diluted weighted average shares = ($860 million) / 1,968.33 million Finally, calculate the diluted EPS: Diluted EPS = (Statutory loss for the year) / (Diluted weighted average shares) Diluted EPS ≈ ($0.437) per share Page 11 of 16
Therefore, the diluted EPS for the year ended 30 June 2022 is approximately ($0.437) per share. Note: The basic and diluted EPS are the same in this scenario since there are no other potentially dilutive securities and no preferred dividends paid. Therefore, the basic EPS is calculated by dividing the statutory loss of ($860) million by the weighted average number of shares of 1,968.33 million, resulting in an EPS of approximately ($0.437) per share. Regarding diluted EPS, it takes into account the potential dilution from convertible securities, such as preferred stock. In this case, the company has 4 million shares of preferred stock outstanding, and each share is convertible into 40 shares of common stock. Since there is no preferred dividend paid during the year, the diluted EPS is the same as the basic EPS. Since the company does not have any other potentially dilutive securities, the diluted EPS calculation only considers the effect of the preferred stock conversion. The company’s basic EPS for the year ended June 30, 2022, is $(0.476) per share, and the diluted EPS is $(0.437) per share. The diluted EPS is higher than the basic EPS because the potential conversion of preferred stock into common shares increases the number of shares outstanding, which reduces the loss per share. The company’s basic EPS for the year ended June 30, 2022, is $(0.476) per share, and the diluted EPS is $(0.437) per share. The diluted EPS is higher than the basic EPS because the potential conversion of preferred stock into common shares increases the number of shares outstanding, which reduces the loss per share. Question 5 ABC Company reported a net income of 45 million for the year ended 30th June 2023. The company had a weighted average of 60 million shares of common stock outstanding. In addition, the company has only one potentially dilutive security: a total number of 1 million convertible bonds with a face value of $100 each and a coupon rate of 5%. Each convertible bond can be converted into 15 common shares. Assume a tax rate of 30%. Calculate ABC’s basic and diluted EPS. [2+2=4 marks] Page 12 of 16
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Basic earnings per share is = $ 0.75 per share   Diluted EPS is = $ 0.65 per share Rounded off to two decimals Explanation: Earnings per share normally means the earnings available to each shareholder according to the number of shares. That is Earnings available to shareholders divided by Number of Shares. This will be the equation for Basic EPS. But Diluted EPS differs from Basic EPS. In calculating diluted earnings per share, effect is given to all dilutive potential shares that were outstanding during the period. In the question it is given that the company has a weighted average of 60,000,000 shares of common stock outstanding. Also, they have 1,000,000 number of convertible bonds having face value of $ 100 each having a coupon rate of 4.5%. Each bond can be converted into 15 common shares. So, the number of convertible shares is 15 common shares. The number of convertible shares = 1,000,000 * 15 = 15,000,000 shares Explanation: Basic earnings per share is = (Net Income/Weighted average common stock outstanding) Basic earnings per share is = (45,000,000 – 0 / 60,000,000) Basic earnings per share is = $ 0.75 per share   Dilutive common shares on account of convertible bonds = (1*15*1000000) Dilutive common shares = 15 million shares   Dilutive earnings = (Net Income + (Interest on Convertible debt*(1-Tax rate))) Dilutive earnings = (45+(1*100*5%*(1-30%))) Dilutive earnings = $ 48.5 million   Page 13 of 16
Diluted EPS is = Diluted earnings/Diluted common stock outstanding Diluted EPS is = (48.50/ (60+15)) Diluted EPS is = $ 0.6467 per share Rounded off to two decimals Please complete this assessment in accordance with the following marking rubrics. Page 14 of 16
Rubrics for Assessment 1-Assignment Below expectations (0 – 49%) Meets expectations (50 – 69%) Exceeds expectations (70 – 100%) Performance Analysis (30%) Did not correctly identify the correct statements; Failed to comment on the performance; Did not identify the information to draw conclusion about the performance of the firm; Did not illustrate the expectation for the future performance of the firm. Identified the correct statements, but didn’t link to the respective performance; Commented on the performance of the firm, but didn’t provide detailed analysis to support the comments; Identified the correct information, but did not justify; Showed the expectation with little analysis. Identified the correct statements, and analysed the respective performance; Commented on the performance of the firm, and provided detailed analysis to support the comments; Identified the correct information, and justified the information; Showed the expectation with detailed analysis. MD&A (10%) Did not identify the correct information; Failed to illustrate the function of managers’ report. Identified the correct information, but didn’t provide detailed analysis; Illustrated the function of managers’ report, but didn’t link to the performance analysis. Identified the correct information, and provided detailed analysis; Illustrated the function of managers’ report, and linked to the performance analysis. Expense Made mistakes in the calculation of Made some mistakes for the • No error or only minor mistake
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Recognition (20%) gross profit using FIFO and LIFO. calculation of gross profit using FIFO and LIFO. in the calculation of gross profit using FIFO and LIFO. EPS-convertible preferred shares (20%) Made lots of mistakes calculating basic and diluted EPS, eg. no. shares outstanding, numerators and denominators for the EPSs. Made some mistakes calculating basic and diluted EPS, eg. no. shares outstanding, numerators and denominators for the EPSs. • Did not make any or only a few mistakes calculating basic and diluted EPS. EPS-convertible bonds (20%) Made lots of mistakes calculating basic and diluted EPS, eg. no. shares outstanding, numerators and denominators for the EPSs. Made some mistakes calculating basic and diluted EPS, eg. no. shares outstanding, numerators and denominators for the EPSs. • Did not make any or only a few mistakes calculating basic and diluted EPS. Page 4 of 4