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Understanding Risk And Return Characteristics Of Worldwide Asset Classes Essay.
Part A - Risk And Return Characteristics
The goal of this research is to identify and understand the risk and return
characteristics of five worldwide asset classes, as well as make suggestions
on whether or not each asset class is viable for investment. The first section
of the research examines five asset classes: Australia's stock market,
Canada's stock market, Australian 10-year government bonds, oil, and gold.
A few statistical measures such as the arithmetic mean, geometric mean,
and standard deviation are used to value asset classes. The report's second
section offers a detailed examination of the Capital Asset Pricing Model
(CAPM) and the Single Index Model (SIM). The distinctions between the two-
asset pricing models are clearly outlined, along with a summary of the CAPM
model changes and an explanation of each update. The needed rate of
return of Fortescue Metals group ltd, which is traded on the Australian Stock
Exchange, is also calculated and compared to the actual returns of the
S&P/ASX 200 index in the report. In the report's conclusion, a
recommendation is made on the models' suitability for AlphaWell.
Answer 1
The arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and standard deviation are three
approaches for analyzing the financial performance of a portfolio and the
suitability of a portfolio strategy. Based on yearly returns generated from
2002 to 2021, the following table shows the arithmetic mean, geometric
mean, and standard deviation of all five asset classes picked by AlphaWell
management for the purpose of creating an investing strategy.:
Answer 2
An arithmetic average is a simple average of all yearly returns that provides
an estimate of the average return produced by each asset type (Amihud
2018). According to the research, shares traded on the Canadian Stock
Exchange have produced higher returns than those traded on the Australian
Stock Exchange. Canadian stocks have an average annual return of 6.51
percent, while Australian stocks have an average annual return of 5.13
percent. An investment in a 10-year Australian Treasury bond yielded 3,88
percent on average, which is higher than the yield on a 10-year US Treasury
bond yield for the same time period (Macroteends.net 2022). Oil is a vital
economic commodity since it is the world's major source of energy and the
most traded commodity (Chen et al 2020). Oil pricing and consumption
patterns are sticky due to the commodity's ultra-slow production and supply.
From 2002 through 2021, the commodity's historical average arithmetic
return was 13.48 percent. Gold is typically purchased in today's world as a
hedge against inflation and to protect against issues associated with
economic instability (Alkhazali and Zoubi 2020). The primary mode of
investment in gold has been in the form of gold bars, mutual funds, futures,
mining companies and different type of jewellery. The average arithmetic
return provided by the commodity in the past 20 years was equal to 10.98%
which is the second highest investment return from all the five asset classes
included.
Part B - Capm And Single Index Model
The standard deviation of returns is a measure of risk and volatility, with a
higher standard deviation indicating greater return volatility. This statistic
can be reported using any of the following items: investment, symbol, asset
type, investment goal, sector, investment type, or sub-portfolio. The shares
listed in Australian stock exchange exhibits greater standard deviation of
16.30% compared to the standard deviation of 16.09% exhibited by shares
listed on Canadian Stock Exchange. The 10-year Australian treasury bond
experienced the lowest standard deviation amongst all asset classes due to
the risk-free nature of the bond. Oil has displayed the most extreme
movements in price as represented by the high standard deviation of
35.94%. Standard deviation exhibited by Gold has been the second lowest
after treasury bonds with a value of 15.11%. The low standard deviation of
gold can be attributed to stable prices witnessed by the asset in events of
extreme market volatility.
In comparison to the arithmetic mean, the geometric mean is a superior
estimate of asset class returns since it takes into account the effect of
compounding that occurs year after year. According to the geometric means
derived across all asset classes, gold was the best-performing asset,
returning 9.91 percent, followed by oil, which returned 7.13 percent. The
geometric mean difference between CAD and US shares is 1.49 percent,
making shares listed on the Canadian Stock Exchange more investable and
lucrative.
Answer 3
To further evaluate the comparative performance of the asset classes,
performance measures like Sharpe ratio could be useful in forming the base
of the recommendation.
Particulars
US SHARES
BOND
CAD SHARES
OIL
GOLD
Sharpe ratio
-0.01
0.00
0.08
0.09
0.40
Sharpe ratio was calculated using the excess return of each asset classes
over and above the 10-year treasury bond yield and dividing it by the
standard deviation. Sharpe ratio based on the arithmetic average return of
Gold was equal to 0.47 which was the highest amongst all asset classes. The
shares listed in the Canadian stock exchange has a positive Sharpe ratio of
0.08 compared to the Sharpe ratio of -0.01 of the shares listed in Australian
stock markets.
Based on the arithmetic mean, geometric mean and standard deviation,
AlphaWell should invest 50 percent of the total investment corpus in the
commodity asset class, 40 percent in equity ETFs and the remaining 10% in
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