Ex10-Transaction Exposure
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Problem 10.1 BioTron Medical, Inc.
¥111.40/$ ¥111.00/$ ¥110.40/$ ¥109.20/$ Numata's WACC
8.850%
BioTron Medical's WACC
9.200%
Assumptions
Values
BioTron's 30-day account receivable, Japanese yen
12,500,000 111.40 111.00 110.40 109.20 Numata's WACC
8.850%
BioTron Medical's WACC
9.200%
Desired discount on purchase price by Numata
4.500%
Brent Bush should compare two basic alternatives, both of which eliminate the currency risk.
1. Allow the discount and receive payment in Japanese yen in cash
Brent Bush, CFO of a medical device manufacturer, BioTron Medical, Inc., was approached by a Japanese customer, Numata, with a proposal to pay cash (in yen) for its typical orders of ¥12,500,000 every other month if it were given a 4.5% discount. Numata's current terms are 30 days with no discounts. Using the following quotes and estimated cost of capital for BioTron, Bush will compare the proposal with covering yen payments with forward contracts.
Spot rate, ¥
/$
30-day forward rate, ¥
/$
90-day forward rate, ¥
/$
180-day forward rate, ¥
/$
How much in U.S. dollars will BioTron Medical receive 1) with the discount and 2) with no discount but fully covered with a forward contract?
Spot rate, ¥/$
30-day forward rate, ¥/$
90-day forward rate, ¥/$
180-day forward rate, ¥/$
Account recievable (yen)
12,500,000 Discount for cash payment up-front (4.500%)
562,500 Amount paid in cash net of discount
11,937,500 Current spot rate
111.40 Amount received in U.S. dollars by Seattle Scientific
$ 107,158.89 2. Not offer any discounts for early payment and cover exposure with forwards
Account receivable (yen)
12,500,000 30-day forward rate
111.00 Amount received in cash in dollars, in 30 days
$ 112,612.61 Present value of amount received
$ 111,755.82
Problem 10.2 Bobcat Company
Assumptions
Values
Purchase price of Korean manufacturer, in Korean won
7,500,000,000 Less initial payment, in Korean won
(1,000,000,000)
Net settlement needed, in Korean won, in six months
6,500,000,000 Current spot rate (Won/$)
1,110 Six month forward rate (Won/$)
1,175 Bobcat's cost of capital (WACC)
10.00%
Options on Korean won:
Call Option
Put Option
Strike price, won
1,200.00 1,200.00 Option premium (percent)
3.000%
2.400%
United States
Korea
Six-month investment (not borrowing) interest rate (per annum)
4.000%
16.000%
Borrowing premium of 2.000%
2.000%
2.000%
Six-month borrowing rate (per annum)
6.000%
18.000%
Bobcat Company, U.S.-based manufacturer of industrial equipment, just purchased a Korean company that produces plastic nuts and bolts for heavy equipment. The purchase price was Won7,500 million. Won1,000 million has already been paid, and the remaining Won6,500 million is due in six months. The current spot rate is Won1,110/$, and the 6-
month forward rate is Won1,175/$. The six-month Korean won interest rate is 16% pe annum, the six-month US dollar rate is 4% per annum. Bobcat can invest at these interest rates, or borrow at 2% per annum above those rates. A six-month call option on won with a 1200/$ strike rate has a 3.0% premium, while the six-month put option at the same strike rate has a 2.4% premium. Bobcat can invest at the rates given above, or borrow at 2% per annum above those rates. Bobcat's weighted average cost of capital is 10%. Compare alternate ways that Bobcat might deal with its foreign exchange exposure. What do you recommend and why?
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Risk Management Alternatives
Values
Certainty
1. Remain uncovered, making the won payment in 6 months
at the spot rate in effect at that date
Account payable (won)
6,500,000,000 Possible spot rate in six months: current spot rate (won/$)
1,110 Cost of settlement in six months (US$)
$ 5,855,855.86 Account payable (won)
6,500,000,000 Possible spot rate in six months: forward rate (won/$)
1,175 Cost of settlement in six months (US$)
$ 5,531,914.89 2. Forward market hedge. Buy won forward six months
Account payable (won)
6,500,000,000 Forward rate (won/$)
1,175.00 Cost of settlement in six months (US$)
$ 5,531,914.89 3. Money market hedge. Exchange dollars for won now, invest for six months.
low risk security
Account payable (won)
6,500,000,000 Discount factor at the won interest rate for 6 months
0.92593 Won needed now (payable/discount factor)
6,018,518,518.52 Current spot rate (won/$)
1,110.00 US dollars needed now
$ 5,422,088.76 Carry forward rate for six months (WACC)
10.000%
US dollar cost, in six months, of settlement
$ 5,693,193.19 4. Call option hedge. (Need to buy won = call on won)
If exercised
If not exercised
Option principal
6,500,000,000 Current spot rate (won/$)
1,110.00
Premium cost of option (%)
3.000%
Option premium (principal/spot rate x % pm)
$ 175,675.68 If option exercised/not exercised, dollar cost of won
$ 5,416,666.67 Premium carried forward six months (using WACC)
184,459.459 Total net cost of call option hedge if exercised
$ 5,601,126.13 Maxi
Problem 10.4 P & G India
Assumptions
Values
180-day account payable, Japanese yen (¥)
8,500,000 Spot rate (¥/$)
120.60 Spot rate, rupees/dollar (Rs/$)
47.75 Implied (calculated) spot rate (¥/Rs)
2.5257 (120.60 / 47.75) 2.4000 2.6000 180-day Indian rupee investing rate
8.000%
180-day Japanese yen investing rate
1.500%
Currency agent's exchange rate fee
4.850%
P & G India's cost of capital
12.00%
Spot Risk
Hedging Alternatives
Values
Rate (¥/Rp)
Assessment
1. Remain Uncovered, settling A/P in 180 days at spot rate
If spot rate in 180 days is same as current spot
3,365,464.34 If spot rate in 180 days is same as forward rate
$ 3,541,666.67 If spot rate in 180 days is expected spot rate
3,269,230.77 Proctor and Gamble’s affiliate in India, P & G India, procures much of its toiletries product line from a Japanese company. Because of the shortage of working capital in India, payment terms by Indian importers are typically 180 days or longer. P & G India wishes to hedge a 8.5 million Japanese yen payable. Although options are not available on the Indian rupee (Rs), forward rates are available against the yen. Additionally, a common practice in India is for companies like P & G India to work with a currency agent who will, in this case, lock in the current spot exchange rate in exchange for a 4.85% fee. Using the following exchange rate and interest rate data, recommend a hedging strategy. 180-day forward rate (¥/Rs)
Expected spot rate in 180 days (¥/Rs)
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2. Buy Japanese yen forward 180 days
Settlement amount at forward rate (Rs)
3,541,666.67 3. Money Market Hedge
8,500,000.00 discount factor for yen investing rate for 180 days
0.9926 8,436,724.57 2.5257 Indian rupee, current amount (Rs)
3,340,411.26 Future value of money market hedge (Rs)
3,540,835.94 4. Indian Currency Agent Hedge
8,500,000.00 2.5257 Current A/P (Rs)
3,365,464.34 Plus agent's fee (4.850%)
163,225.02 P & G India's WACC carry-forwad factor for 180 days on fee
1.0600 Total future value of agent's fee (Rs)
173,018.52 Total A/P, future value, A/P + fee (Rs)
3,538,482.87 Principal A/P (¥)
Principal needed to meet A/P in 180 days (¥)
Current spot rate (¥/Rs)
Principal A/P (¥)
Current spot rate (¥/Rs)
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Problem 11
Consider the following information about two alternative credit strategies:
Refused Credit
Price per unit
Cost per unit
Grant Credit
P75
P71
P32
P33
Quantity sold per quarter
Probability of payment
6,200
6,900
1.0
.90
The higher cost per unit reflects the expense associated with credit orders, and the
higher price per unit reflects the existence of a cash discount. The credit period
will be 90 days, and the cost of debt is .75 percent per month.
Required:
Based on this information, should credit be granted?
a.
b.
In (a), what does the credit price per unit have to be a break even?
c.
In (a), suppose we can obtain a credit report for P1.50 per customer. Assuming
that each customer buys one unit and that the credit report correctly identifies
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question b: (...) amount in accounts receivable?
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Number 6 a and b plz
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F1
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Question 36
A company has daily purchases of $10,000 from its supplier. The supplier offers trade credit under the following terms: 3/20, net 50 days. The company finally chooses to pay on time (pay in the 50th day) but not to take the discount. We assume 365 days per year. What is the average level of the company’s free trade credit? ______
$30,000
$170,000
$200,000
$300,000
Question 37
Based on the information from Question 36, what is the average level of the company’s total trade credit?
$170,000
$200,000
$300,000
$500,000
38 . Based on the information from Question 36, what is the average level of the company’s costly trade credit?
$170,000
$200,000
$300,000
$500,000
Question 39
Based on the information from Question 36, what is the nominal annual cost of the firm’s costly trade credit?
28.6%
29.3%
33.5%…
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QUESTION 5
A company can issue a 45-day $10 million commercial paper at a rate of 4.50%. It can reduce the rate to 4.35% if it is backed by a standby letter of credit (SBLC). A bank is willing to issue the SBLC for a fee of 10 basis points. The following is true:
The fee for issuing the SBLC is $10,000
The net savings to the issuer is $1,250
The amount received by the issuer for the commercial paper without an SBLC is $9,945,625.
The difference in the amount received by the issuer with and without the SBLC is $1,875.
QUESTION 6
The following is true about loan…
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F16
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1
2 Loan Amount
3 Annual Interest Rate
4 #times per year interest accrued
5 Periodic Rate
6
Term (years)
7
#payments per year
8 Number of payments
9
Balloon (balance after final payment)
10 Points paid at origination to get loan
11
12
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DA
Home Insert
Cut
Copy
Format
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▾
Ready
Sheet1
✓ fx
A
Page Layout
Calibri (Body) ▼ 11
BIU
Sheet2
▼
Formulas
+
B
$1,000,000.00
7.66%
12
0.64%
30
12
360
Data
A- A
▾
C
Review View
$0.00 AKA "Fully Amortizing"
1.50%
t
D
0
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22
EE
E
Wrap Text
+ Merge & Center ▾
Balance in (t): B_(t)
$1,000,000.00
F
X Project
Custom
Interest in (t+1): (i/m)*B_t
$6,383.33
%
% >
G
+.0
.00
Payment in (t+1)
$7,102.03
.00
➡.0
Conditional Format
Formatting as Table
H
Balance in (t+1): B_(t+1)
$999,281.30
$0.00
I
Cell
Styles
J
H
Insert
X
H
Delete
K
Format
Principal paid in (t+1)(=PMT-INT)
圓
Q Search…
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QUESTION 25
The face amount of accounts receivable for Rio Inc. is $20,000. It was estimated that 5% of the accounts will not be collected, cash discounts of $500 will be exercised, and $200 of sales returns will be experienced. The net realizable value of accounts receivable is
$19,500
$19,300
$20,000
$18,300
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Calculate (a) the amount financed, (b) the total finance charge, and (c) APR by table lookup.(Use Table 14.1.)
Note: Do not round intermediate calculations. Round the Finance charge to the nearest cent.
Purchase price of a
used car
5,773
Down payment
$
1,273
Number of monthly
payments
48
Amount
financed
Total of monthly
payments
5,829.76
Total finance
charge
APR
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What would be the net annual cost of the following checking accounts?
a. Monthly fee, $2.40; processing fee, $0.20 cents per check; checks written, an average of 25 a month.
Note: Do not round intermediate calculations. Input the answer as a positive value. Round your final answer to 2 decimal
places.
Net annual cost
b. Interest earnings of 5 percent with a $500 minimum balance; average monthly balance, $600; monthly service charge of $18 for
falling below the minimum balance, which occurs three times a year (no interest earned in these months).
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Net annual cost
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X Cut
LB Copy
Format Painter
Clipboard
1
Calibri
11
V
Font
Α Α΄
BIU A
V
Conditional Format as Cell
Formatting Table Styles ✓
Styles
Alignment
3. A bank offers to pay you a stated annual rate of 5%, compounded daily. How many years will it take you to double your money in this acc
Wrap Text
Merge & Center
S
General
S
$%9588-00
Number
4
←
V
Insert
A
1. You plan to invest $1,000 today in an investment that you expect will earn a stated annual rate of 9% compounded
semi-annually. How much will your investment be worth in 10 years?
ato of 5% compounded daily. How many years will it take you to double w
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Current credit policy
proposed credit policy
Cash price
$48.00
$48.00
Credit price
n/a
$50.00
Variable cost
$36.00
$36.00
Quantity
120
120
Monthly return
2.00%
2.00%
Credit terms
n/a
Net 30
% Uncollectable
n/a
3.00%
Assume the customer will either pay in 30 days or will default.
What is the cost of switching the credit policy?
A) $ 6,000
B) $ 4,320
C) $ 5,333
D) $ 5,000
E) $ 5,760
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Number of Loans Principal
50
100
50
100,000
250,000
300,000
Rate
4.25%
5%
Maturity
360
180
360
If these 200 loans are pooled to create a MPT, what is the starting pool balance in dollars? Assume the loans
are not seasoned before securitization.
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E3
A
2 Month
3 January
February
March
Sales
6-Month average
B
Qfx
$81,000.00
$80,000.00
$88,000.00
$92,000.00
$110,000.00
$108,000.00
5
6 April
7 May
8 June
9
10
11
12
13 $500 Fixed Fee, 2% commission
14 $1000 Fixed Fee, 1% commission
15 $2000 Fixed Fee, 0.5% commission
16
D
200
100
50
E
F
Fixed fee Guest count Variable expenxe Total expense Cost%
500
4800
500
5120
500
5006
500
4960
500
5140
500
5300
G
H
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This year your company has $34 million of credit sales and average receivables of $7 million. Your company factor receivables by discounting 1%. What is the APR of
factoring the receivables?
1.01%
1.00%
4.91%
5.00%
4.80%
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plan A
plan B
plan C
Down payment
1,789.91
2,309.65
3,764.51
Annual payments
5,097.70
7,450.16
9,845.78
Years
20
20
20
Discount rate
12%
12%
12%
What is the present value of plan B?
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Q. 4
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Problem 9-09
If a firm has sales of $20,689,000 a year, and the average collection period for the industry is 50 days, what should this firm's accounts receivable be if the
firm is comparable to the industry? Assume there are 365 days in a year. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest dollar.
$
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ST
Unit 8 Quest (11U)
+
pQLSf8ziezOsWz6j9T7OGVQSHI-6ls9bQrlQevfkKxle-RtQ3Rlg/formResponse
Question 6:
How much was the amount of the original loan?
Regular Payment
Rate of Compound
Interest per Year
Compounding
Period
semi-annual
$1575 every 6 months
5.4%
$8445.09
$17076.01
a.
b. $14 444.94
$24 143.61
a
b
C.
d.
Time
6 years
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- F16 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 Loan Amount 3 Annual Interest Rate 4 #times per year interest accrued 5 Periodic Rate 6 Term (years) 7 #payments per year 8 Number of payments 9 Balloon (balance after final payment) 10 Points paid at origination to get loan 11 12 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 DA Home Insert Cut Copy Format 41 42 Paste 43 44 ▾ Ready Sheet1 ✓ fx A Page Layout Calibri (Body) ▼ 11 BIU Sheet2 ▼ Formulas + B $1,000,000.00 7.66% 12 0.64% 30 12 360 Data A- A ▾ C Review View $0.00 AKA "Fully Amortizing" 1.50% t D 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 22 EE E Wrap Text + Merge & Center ▾ Balance in (t): B_(t) $1,000,000.00 F X Project Custom Interest in (t+1): (i/m)*B_t $6,383.33 % % > G +.0 .00 Payment in (t+1) $7,102.03 .00 ➡.0 Conditional Format Formatting as Table H Balance in (t+1): B_(t+1) $999,281.30 $0.00 I Cell Styles J H Insert X H Delete K Format Principal paid in (t+1)(=PMT-INT) 圓 Q Search…arrow_forwardQUESTION 25 The face amount of accounts receivable for Rio Inc. is $20,000. It was estimated that 5% of the accounts will not be collected, cash discounts of $500 will be exercised, and $200 of sales returns will be experienced. The net realizable value of accounts receivable is $19,500 $19,300 $20,000 $18,300arrow_forwardCalculate (a) the amount financed, (b) the total finance charge, and (c) APR by table lookup.(Use Table 14.1.) Note: Do not round intermediate calculations. Round the Finance charge to the nearest cent. Purchase price of a used car 5,773 Down payment $ 1,273 Number of monthly payments 48 Amount financed Total of monthly payments 5,829.76 Total finance charge APRarrow_forward
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