Lab #5

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Northwest Vista College *

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1301

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Geography

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Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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2

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LAB 5 – Coal Oil and Gas Name: LaTatiyana Wilson Section: 1301-024 Date: April 17, 2023 Watch these two short videos on natural resources and how we access them. Complete the questions, the answers are in the videos. – please follow all instructions carefully. If you have any problems, please ask a colleague or your professor. Answer every question in complete sentences for full credit. Coal - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AOJMinVOVeg What type of mining is used here because the coal is at a shallow depth? What is used to break apart the lithosphere and how does it get to the enrichment center (visual clues)? (4+ sentences) (20 pts) Open-pit mining is used because the coal reserves are located at shallow depths. From the video, it looks like some kind of explosives were used to break apart the coal. It then is transported to the enrichment center via a dump truck. At this mine, rock, soil, and contaminants make up how much of the raw feed? In other words, how much of the mined material does NOT make it to the enrichment phase? (1+ sentences) (10 pts) 10 percent of the material does not make it to the enrichment phase. How is coal separated from waste rock (3 steps before drying)? (3+ sentences) (10 pts) The coal is crushed. Then the coal is sorted from the waste rock. The materials are then converted to various coal concentrates. What technologies and modes of transportations are used to ship coal out of the plant and deliver it around the world? (3+ sentences) (10 pts) The Coal Terminal on Looga Bay is equipped with a special port complex for cold transshipment. The coal is shipped year-round on ships. The coal terminal is also equipped with specialized facilities to meet logistic requirements.
Oil & Gas - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQtDiX2Dbr0 What technologies helps guide and keep the vessel in position? Tell me a little bit about those technologies which may require additional research (8+ sentences) (30 pts) A Satellite signal helps the vessel move into the exact position required. There are 6 propellers that rotate and keep the vessel in one position. These propellers keep it from drifting due to the wind, waves, or sea current. I did some research and learned that Dynamic Positioning systems are a critical component. Unlike with brakes on a car, there is no definite method to bring a ship to a complete and stable stop in the water. Therefore, these technologies are critical in assisting ships to remain still when necessary as well as drive properly around obstructions both at sea and in port. Historically, dynamic position reference systems have relied on targets, which are both limited and expensive to maintain. Wärtsilä's innovative SceneScan requires no targets. It instead employs a high-accuracy rotating laser system, which boosts safety and efficiency. How are cuttings removed in rotary drilling? (4+ sentences) (10 pts) After a while of drilling, cutting accumulate at the bottom and drilling can’t continue. Sea water is sprayed from nozzles on the drill bit to raise the cuttings to the sea floor. In the riser system, what is used instead of seawater, and why? (3+ sentences) (10 pts) Drilling mud is used instead of seawater. Drilling mud has a higher viscosity than seawater to force cutting up from the bottom of a deeper hole. Also, the hole may collapse if water is used to the low density. Mud has a higher density which could stand the increase in pressure allowing deeper drilling. End of Lab.
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