midterm study guide

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School

University of West Georgia *

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2202

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Geography

Date

Oct 30, 2023

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pdf

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Uploaded by DoctorTank12261

midterm study guide Study online at https://quizlet.com/_b2spf6 1. From the French Fries and Lawns chapters and web sources, know what the Columbian Ex- change was, and what is New World and Old World Columbian exchange- movement of species across the Atlantic Ocean, from the New World to the Old World and vise versa. New World- Western Hemisphere, The Americas. Old World- Eastern Hemisphere, Europe, Africa and Asia 2. Know the Kuznets Curve principle about forest cover in developed and developing coun- tries: the explana- tions for why for- est cover is being lost in developing countries butbeing gained or retained in developed coun- tries. 1- From reliance on raw natural resources (forest and farmland) as population is dependent on natural re- sources extraction (farming, timber industry) 2- Most of the population residing in rural areas in scattered settlements environmental regulations are not well de- veloped 3. Know what Ecologi- cal Footprint is and examples of this Amount of earth surface used to sustain an individual, group and society, examples - lawns, everyday behav- ior 4. Three ways (shown in the population video) in which the government of Bangladesh is fa- cilitating families to have fewer children Introduce family planning, education and contracep- tives, paying families to keep girls in school 5. Birth rate, death rate, and zero popu- lation growth are Birth rate- a measure of natural growth in a population expressed in the number of births per thousand per year. Death rate- a measure of mortality in a population typically expressed as the # of deaths per thousand 1 / 11

midterm study guide Study online at https://quizlet.com/_b2spf6 population per year. Zero population growth- when the birth rate equals the death rate 6. Know the top five countries (1-5) with the highest popula- tion in the world 1- China 2- India 3- United States 4- Indonesia 5- Pakistan 7. Know the two main reasons why fewer children per family are being born today globally: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d45Q55nnhSA 1- Education especially in woman (delaying child birth for education) 2- Higher Child survival rate (vaccines, medicine) 8. Know what the Green Revolution was as well as its benefits and prob- lems Green Revolution involved agricultural technological innovation between 1940s and 1980s at research cen- ters, universities, governmental agricultural research departments, and corporations (Monsanto). Increased agricultural yields dramatically and was viewed as a solution to food shortages in developing countries. Emphasized single crops (monocultures) like corn, wheat, rice, potatoes and involved massive hybridiza- tion of plants and animals. Introduced new plants in non-native ecosystems around the world Problems- Massive use of fertilizers, loss of native food crops, large scale deforestation. Soil erosion, chemical pollution Pros- Capable of growing crops on a massive scale. Make plants which are resistant to pests and her- bicides. Farming can become a process of automa- tion/mechanization. Farmers can replant the same crops on the same land without having to let land follow. Farmers can grow and export surplus cash crops for profit 9. The role of Nor- man Borlaug in the Green Revolution World Food Prize/Won Noble Peace Prize that saved people from starving Originator of dwarf wheat variety in Mexico and is godfather of GR. The varieties of wheat 2 / 11

midterm study guide Study online at https://quizlet.com/_b2spf6 became a model for what could be done in other crops. an American scientist interested in agriculture 10. Know Thomas Malthus (Malthusian Theory) argument about population and resources (see the population Pow- erPoint). The earth can only produce so much resources and if the population continues to grow, we will run out of food. The capacity of the earth to produce resources such as food is fixed. Humans as innovative new technology can produce more food use of renewable sources of energy. Human population is the greatest influence on earth resources given that they are inherently fi- nite/fixed 11. From the French fries chapter in Rob- bins, know how much money a farmer spends on average to grow Russet Burbank potatoes on one acre, how much the farmer is paid by fast food companies for the potatoes he grows on each acre, the profit the farm- ers gets for the pota- toes grown on each acre, and why farm- ers continue to grow the Russet Bur- bank potatoes de- spite this marginal (small profits) they get Profit the farmers gets for the potatoes grown on each acre- $50 American farmers will get sue if they grow any other because they are signed on a contract 12. Amount of water on average required to grow one servicing 6 gallons 3 / 11

midterm study guide Study online at https://quizlet.com/_b2spf6 of Russet Burbank French fries 13. How the spread of potatoes around the world affected nutri- tion and food secu- rity in countries that are growing them The potato was easy to grow and maintain and became a staple in the diet of the places it is grown. However the use of the monoculture led to the depletion of the soil that was used, therefore decreasing the biodiversity of native foods 14. The country that is the top producer of potatoes today (Google it) China 15. The reasons why the Russet Burbank potato is the fa- vorite potato for the French fry industry They can be easily frozen and shipped with out mess- ing with the texture and is the perfect flavor and consis- tency for frying 16. Know how over- reliance on a monocrop can im- pact food securi- ty, and the exam- ple discussed in the French Fries chap- ter of a historical catastrophe experi- enced by a country as a result of over relying on one main food crop; specific effect on the coun- try'spopulation as discussed in Rob- bins Because if there was a blight, then all the plants effect- ed by blight that were mono crops would all be killed simultaneously and we would be left with no reliable access to affordable nutrients. Irish Potato Famine- Ireland depended too much on a monocrop of a single type of potato so when blight hit, 1 million died and thousands ill bc the main food supply was gone 17. 4 / 11

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