chp14-16

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University of Oregon *

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170

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Geography

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Dec 6, 2023

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pdf

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Chapter 14 1. Define frontal lifting. The forced ascent of the warmer, less dense air at and near a front, occurring whenever the relative velocities of the two air masses are such that they converge at the front . 2. Describe what air two main air masses form over North America. Why? Continental air masses: continental polar air mass which is classified according to it's source region and nature of the surface in the source region is one of the air masses associated with North America. This is cold, dry air that comes from the north. Maritime air masses: Both maritime polar and maritime tropical both produce air masses that influence North America. These air masses originate over oceans and can be humid. These masses hit North America at the coasts bring with it cool, warm, and humid air depending on their source regions. 3. Which air masses are capable of holding the most water vapor? Why? Maritime Tropical air masses can hold the most water vapor because they are sitting over warm water and carry with it a lot of humidity. 4. Which air masses are capable of having the highest relative humidities. Explain why or why you cannot determine the answer. Maritime air masses tend to have the highest relative humidities due to the fact that they originate over the ocean and carry with it water vapor. My answer is determined due to the surface in the source region maritime air masses are associated with. 5. Draw and label cold front and describe its characteristics dense air acts as wedge forcing air up -faster -lifted up and out of the way -more precipitation 6. Draw and label warm front and describes its characteristics -less dense forced aloft cold air -slow rate of advance 7. Describe the progression of fronts and weather associated with a typical mid-latitude cyclone. In their mature stage, mid-latitude cyclones have a warm front on the east side of the storm's center and a cold front to the west . The cold front travels faster than the warm
front. Near the end of the storm's life the cold front catches up to the warm front causing a condition known as occlusion. 8. Describe what conditions are necessary for typical mid-latitude thunderstorms. Why? The conditions necessary for typical mid-latitude thunderstorms are warm air, moist air being high Relative Humidity, Instability which means lifting and due to High surface temperatures in the afternoon and early evening. These conditions are necessary because thunderstorms form when the warm moist air rises into cold air and the moisture causes an even lower density, making it more buoyant. Chapter 15 1. What is the relationship between the objects in the solar system and the "Plane of the Ecliptic." Earth's orbit, and hence, the ecliptic, is inclined a little more than 1° to the invariable plane, Jupiter's orbit is within a little more than ½° of it, and the other major planets are all within about 6°. Because of this, most Solar System bodies appear very close to the ecliptic in the sky. 2. What are the six (6) different types of objects in the solar system? There is a star, planet, dwarf planet, moon/satellite, comet, and asteroid. 3. List the terrestrial planets and summarize their characteristics. The terrestrial planets include Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. They are characterized by small size, closer to the sun, high density, and composed of rock and metals. 4. List the jovian planets and summarize their characteristics. The jovian planets include Jupiter, Saturn. Uranus, and Neptune. They are characterized by massive size, low density, and composed of mostly ice and gas. 5. List and describe the principal characteristics of meteors, the asteroid belt, the Kuiper Belt and the Oort Cloud. Meteors: streaks of light, created when a meteoroid enters Earth's atmosphere, originates from either 1.) interplanetary debris 2.) matieral from astroid belt 3.) rocky remains of comets Asteroid belt: astroids orbit sun, between Mars and Jupiterf Kuiper Belt: comets origin, beyond orbit of neptune, disc shape, pluto is included, contains large amount of icy objects in outer solar system,
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