Bio 322 first half quiz answers.docx

Human population is projected to expand to 8.3 billion 10.9 billion by 2050. The lower range of this projection assumes which of the following? Global nuclear warfare kills half the world population. Birth rates decline because family planning and birth control become increasingly available in developing nations. Birth rates remain high, but life expectancy declines. Mean family size remains stable over the coming decades. The so-called IPAT model postulates that the overall impact of the human population is a function of population, per capita affluence, and the destructiveness of technologies. In this model, greater affluence is assumed to increase environmental impact, because greater affluence generally translates into greater consumption of natural resources. Correct. The IPAT model assumes impact increases with greater affluence due to higher rates of consumption. decrease environmental impact, because greater affluence is a generally prerequisite for people to care about the environment. increase environmental impact, because wealthy people tend to think only of themselves. decrease environmental impact, because greater affluence is needed to develop less destructive technologies. In the IPAT model of human impacts, technology is assumed to either increase or decrease impact depending on the destructiveness of the particular technologies used.

Correct. Technologies can either reduce or increase human impact on the environment. increase impact, because more primitive methods of production are always less environmentally destructive than modern methods. decrease impact, because new technologies are always less environmentally destructive than their predecessors. have no effect on impact. The Pleistocene overkill hypothesis, if true, highlights that humans have a long history of intentionally driving species to extinction. climate change, rather than human hunting, is responsible for most Pleistocene extinctions. prehistoric humans lived in harmony with nature. human-caused extinctions are not only a modern phenomenon. Correct. The Pleistocene overkill hypothesis suggests that Pleistocene humans overhunted some species to the point of extinction. Thus there is a long history of human-caused extinctions. In the figure below, the human population consisted of about 2 billion people in 1930. How long did it take for the population to double in size? 30 years 45 years

Correct. The human population had doubled to about 4 billion people in 1975. 57 years 69 years Now, starting with a population of 3 billion in 1960, how long did it take for the population to double in size? 15 years 27 years 39 years Correct. The human population had doubled to about 6 billion people in 1999. 51 years According to the graph below of an idealized demographic transition, population increases most rapidly during the pre-transition stage. early transition stage.

Correct. Population grows rapidly during the early transition period because the birth rate far exceeds the death rate. middle transition stage. late transition stage. Using the same figure below, why does population grow most rapidly during the early transition stage? Because birth and death rates are both high. Because birth rates increase, but death rates remain relatively constant. Because death rates decrease, but birth rates remain relatively constant. Correct. Birth rates remain high, but death rates drop during the early transition period. Because death rates decrease and birth rates increase. In the figure below, the population remains relatively constant during the

pre-transition and early transition stages. early and middle transition stages. pre-transition and middle transition stages. pre-transition and late transition stages. Correct. Population remains relatively constant during the pre- and late transitions stages because births are approximately equal to deaths in both of these stages. The hypothesized Kuznets curve could be used as an argument for promoting moderate levels of economic development, because poor people cause less environmental degradation than wealthier people. promoting slow economic development, because rapid development would cause massive environmental degradation. promoting rapid economic development, because people tend to reduce environmental degradation only after they have satisfied their basic human needs. Correct. The Kuznets curve suggests that environmental degradation will initially increase but eventually decrease as economic development progresses. None of the above

Using the figure below, in which region is there the strongest evidence that extinctions of animal groups were more closely related to the arrival of human populations than to climate change? Europe North America Africa Australia and New Zealand Using the figure below, in which region was the arrival of humans confounded (or overlapping) with a period of climate change? Europe North America

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