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CUNY Hunter College *

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Course

10100

Subject

Geography

Date

Apr 3, 2024

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png

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1

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ACtiVItY 14 Scaling, Density, and Earth’s Deep Interior Name: Course/Section: Date: Lea rning GOALS You will practice making a scaled illustration of something that is thousands of km long in nature, representing it in a matter of millimeters on the page. You will also use data to discover a few fundamental characteristics of Earth’s interior structure. Earth is a combination of several dynamic systems. To get a feel for the dimensions of some of Earth’s primary layers, let’s create a scaled image of Earth from outer space to Earth’s center and investigate how density plays a role in this structure. Distance from Layer Average Distance from Sea Sea Level Name State Level on lllustration — ~ 100 km > -2 mm atmosphere gas — sea level — 0 mm " continental crust solid — ~35km > 05 mm upper mantle solid — 410 km > 6 mm mantle transition zone solid — 660 km > 1 0 mm lower mantle solid — 2889 km > 45 mm outer core liquid — 5154 km > 81 'mnm inner core solid — 6371 km center of Earth —»> 100 mm Figure A1.4.1a A We are given several distances expressed in km that we need to scale so that we can represent distances within Earth as much smaller distances on our page. Our scale is that 100 mm on the page represents the 6371 km of Earth. 1. We need a scaling factor that we can multiply the “distances from sea level” in km shown in Fig. A1.4.1 to find the appropri- ate map distance in mm. Using our skills with proportions, we notice that 100 mm on the map is to 6371 km in Earth as our unknown conversion factor is to | km. 100 mm. ="X 100 mm _ unknown mm 6371 km. 5154 km 6371 km I km Using your knowledge of proportions (and referring to the coverage of proportions earlier in the chapter text if necessary), determine the conversion factor—the number of mm on the map that represent 1 km in Earth. Show your work below. Conversion factor: 157 mm on the map for every | km in Earth. 4 00(1 ) =6371x 5154 x .0157 = 81 mm =4 G371 Xe: 0157 2. Use that scaling factor to compute the values in the right column of Fig. A1.4.1. Two values are provided for you. 3. Use a sharp pencil to carefully mark the “distances from sea level” from the right column of Fig. A1.4.1 onto the left side of the millimeter scale on Fig. A1.4.2. 4. Use a drafting compass to draw concentric quarter-circle arcs from each of the pencil marks you just made on Fig. A1.4.2. The sharp pivot end of the compass should be held in the small circle at the 100 mm mark at the center of Earth. 5. Label each of the major layers of Earth’s interior on Fig. A1.4.2A.
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