41WhatisaMineral

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Northeast State Community College *

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101

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Geology

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Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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Name: Date: Period: RG 4.1 What is a Mineral? Directions: Complete the following questions as you read the textbook section. Remember to use the questions to guide your reading. Do NOT Google the answers, copy someone else’s, or scan the text for the answer. That is not the point. This assignment is to guide your reading of the material to help you better understand the text. I. Metacognition: By the end of this unit you are expected to be able to do/complete all the learning targets below. Your teacher will help you understand this material, but it is ultimately your responsibility. Constantly ask yourself whether or not you are meeting these targets, and what are you doing to master them? Big Idea: Minerals are naturally occurring, solid, inorganic compounds or elements. Chapter Outline: Please read the learning targets below, checking the circle next to each one. 4.1 What is a Mineral? ⃝ List the characteristics that define minerals. ⃝ Describe how minerals form. ⃝ Descibe how minerals are classified. II. Vocabulary Building: Due Date: __________________ How am I going to learn the terms? ⃝ Make flashcards of all vocabulary terms and definitions. ⃝ Make a flip chart including all vocabulary terms and definitions. ⃝ Quizlet ⃝ Other Ideas (teacher approved)? _____________________________________________ III. Guided Reading: To be answered as you read the section from the textbook. 1. Define naturally occurring in terms of mineral formation. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2. Describe the atomic arrangement of a crystal. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3. Differentiate between subjective and objective mineral properties. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 1

4. Complete the table below on characteristics used to identify minerals. Test Description Example Luster Hardness Cleavage and Fracture Streak Color Special Properties Texture Density and Specific Gravity 5. What is the purpose of the Mohs Scale of Hardness? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2

Use the reading, data table, and graphs below to answer the following 5 ACT Prep questions. Rocks Spent fuel (SF), a radioactive waste, is often buried underground in canisters for disposal. As it decays, SF generates high heat and raises the temperature of the surrounding rock, which may expand and crack, allowing radioactivity to escape into the environment. Scientists wanted to determine which of 4 rock types—rock salt, granite, basalt, or shale—would be least affected by the heat from SF. The thermal conductivity (how well heat is conducted through a material) and heating trends of the 4 rock types were studied. Study 1: Fifty holes, each 0.5 m across and 20 m deep, were dug into each of the following: a rock salt deposit, granite bedrock, basalt bedrock, and shale bedrock. A stainless steel canister containing 0.4 metric tons of SF was buried in each hole. The rock temperature was measured next to each canister after 1 year had passed. The results are shown in Table 1, along with the typical thermal conductivity of each rock type, in Watts per meter per °C (W/m°C), at 25°C. The higher the thermal conductivity, the more quickly heat is conducted through the rock and away from the canisters. Table 1 Rock Thermal conductivity (W/m°C) Rock temperature (°C)* Rock salt Granite Basalt Shale 5.70 2.80 1.26 1.57 110 121 165 146 *All rock types had an initial temperature of 10°C. Study 2 The scientists determined the thermal conductivity of the 4 rock types at a number of different temperatures between 0°C and 400°C. The results are shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 3

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