Geology Homework Questions chs 1-3

Geology Homework Questions (CHAPTERS 1-3) Chapter 1: 1. A dry climate might impact how people live by increasing: - both the risk of drought and other water shortages and irrigation needs. 2. The principle of isostasy refers to - the relationship between regional elevations and thickness of crust. 3. What is the most likely reason why a region is higher than adjacent regions? - The crust is thicker. 4. Lithosphere: Complete the sentence with the correct phrase. - The lithosphere consists of both types of crust and the uppermost mantle. 5. Geology can help us learn about Earth’s past by studying - why a landscape looks the way it does. - why continents and oceans are different. - how life in the past was different than today. - how global climate has changed since the ice ages. 6. Which of the following is NOT a way(s) that an oil field might impact people living nearby? - increasing likelihood of volcanic eruptions - (correct ways: increasing likelihood of an oil spill, increasing job opportunities, improving the local economy) 7. Stop the movie where the Atlantic Ocean is mostly visible. In the oceans, lighter colors of blue are shallower seafloor, and darker blues are deeper seafloor. Which of the following is a valid generalization comparing the features on the seafloor of the Atlantic Ocean? - There is a ridge on the seafloor along the middle of the Atlantic. 8. Radioactive decay within Earth produces heat; the other form of heat produced by Earth comes from - heat trapped when Earth was formed. 9. Which of the following is NOT one of the main families of rocks? - Meteorites - (correct: igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary) 10. Uplift can occur during the rock cycle - at any point after burial. 11. Rainfall in mountain ranges might impact people living nearby by: - increasing flooding hazards. - water flowing into streams and rivers, increasing water supply. - increasing mudslide hazards - increasing erosion in mountains. 12. Which layer in Earth is similar in composition to an iron-nickel meteorite? - Core 13. Which of the following are ways that the atmosphere interacts with Earth’s surface?

- Some energy that strikes the earth is converted into infrared energy. - Liquid water on the surface can evaporate, becoming water vapor in the atmosphere. - Earth’s atmosphere blocks most of the Sun’s harmful ultraviolet radiation. - The atmosphere includes a low percentage of water vapor, most of which comes from the oceans. 14. Choose the answer that best explains why a rock might not go through the complete rock cycle. - Rock may be involved in a variety of processes in different sequences. 15. Which one of the following descriptions of the seafloor is most accurate? - It is complex, with various features and depths. 16. This figure shows the rock cycle. Drag the label for each process to its correct position on the figure. 17. Which layer in the earth is similar to the composition of granite? - continental crust 18. The continental shelf is - part of a continent. 19. Which layer in Earth is similar in composition to basalt, a dark lava rock? - oceanic crust 20. Which type of crust has the greater thickness? - Continental 21. The main layers of Earth in correct order, from the surface moving down, are - crust, mantle, outer core, inner core. 22. What evidence do we have that shows life was quite different than it is now in the geologic past? - fossils of animals and plants

23. Choose appropriate way(s) that volcanoes might impact people living nearby. - All these might impact people living nearby volcanoes. - Ash ejected into the atmosphere blocks sunlight. - Projectiles thrown into the air can hit your house. - They release steam and noxious gases into the atmosphere. - Volcanic ash provides fertile sediment for growing crops. 24. Which layer on this figure is the continental crust? - A 25. The distribution of natural resources is influenced by the - type of rocks. - age of the rocks. - way in which the rocks formed. 26. The most important agent for sculpting the landscape is - flowing water. 27. Rock that has formed from cooling magma or lava is - igneous rock. 28. Stop the movie where North America and South America are both entirely visible and observe the distribution of mountains. Which of the following is a valid generalization? - The largest mountains are near the west coasts of each continent. 29. A type of rock that forms directly from precipitates of hot water is called a(n) - hydrothermal rock. 30. Which of the following is the best description of what the lithosphere contains? - both types of crust and the uppermost mantle - continental and oceanic crust 31. Choose appropriate way(s) that steep cliffs might impact people living nearby. - increases landslide hazard 32. How do glaciers affect the landscape? - They transport and deposit sediment and erode the land they move over. 33. Complete the sentence with the correct phrase. - A region generally is higher than an adjacent region if the crust is thicker than in the adjacent region.

34. Which layer on this figure is the oceanic crust? - B 35. Which layer on this figure is the outer core? - E 36. The Earth system major components which interact and influence each other, does NOT include: - Magnetosphere - (correct components: hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere) 37. The asthenosphere is beneath the - Lithosphere 38. Which of the following is true about gravity? - The mass of Earth causes a downward pull on objects on Earth. - Gravity of the Sun and Moon exert a pull on Earth.

- Gravity causes ice, water, and rocks to move downhill. 39. Continental ice sheets were more common 28,000 years ago than they are today because - the Earth was cooler then than now. 40. Choose appropriate way(s) that hot springs might impact people living nearby. - provides geothermal power 41. Which layer in Earth is similar to the green mineral olivine? - Mantle Chapter 2: 1. The age of a fossil, organism, rock, geologic feature, or event as defined relative to other geologic features or events is the - relative age. 2. Which are true of a hypothesis? - It may be tentatively assumed. - It may be scrapped or amended after testing. - It can be tested for validity. 3. What is the youngest unit or feature in this figure? - 4 4. What type of figure would you use to portray the relative thicknesses of rock units stacked on top of one another? - stratigraphic section 5. What does the type of evolutionary diagrams discussed in the textbook show? - - the sequence of events that deposited the rocks and formed the landscape 6. What type of map is shown here?