Liam Murphy - GEOL200 - Lab Assignment 06 [Marked]

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Liam Murphy 3540040 GEOL 200 - Introductory to Physical Geology iy AJ5 Lab Assignment #6 August 51, 2021 Part One Activity 11.2 (Introduction to Stream Processes and Landscapes): Answer questions A (1-2) and B (1-5) in the Laboratory Manual: (pages 309-311). Trout Run Drainage Basin: 1. Complete Parts a through h in Fig. A11.2.1. TOPOGRAPHIC MAP REVIEW FOR DRAINAGE BASIN MAPPING N a. This map is contoured in feet. The contour interval is: 20 ft v 2 b. The elevation of point X is: 240 ft 2. ¢. The elevation of point B is: 100 ft v 2 d. The elevation of point A is: 180 # v e. The distance from Ato B is: One {1} mils} % f. The gradient from A to 8./%& s .0 ft/mi S g. Lightly shade or color the area inside each closed contour that represents a hilltop, then draw a dashed line to indicate the drainage divide that fiuff&fififi‘iy Trout Hun drainage basin. Hq h. Trout Run flows (drains down hill} in what direction? North 1 mite \6 S /[T o e 3 \ Liam Murphy Unit 5: Metamorphic Rocks GEOL 200 Lab Assignment #4 Athabasca University Page 1 of 6 August 5th, 2021

Liam Murphy GEOL 200 What type of drainage pattern are the modern streams in this area developing (see Figs. 11.8 —11.10)? Dendritic: All the smaller tributary streams all appear to flow North East linking up into one larger stream. Notice in Fig. A11.2.2 that small tributaries merge to form larger streams. We will consider the intermittent stream in Garvin Canyon to be a first-order stream because it has no significant tributaries (refer to Fig. 11.7). What is the gradient and sinuosity, from A to B on Fig. A11.2.2, of the first order stream in Garvin Canyon? Refer to Figs. 11.3 and 11.4 for help measuring gradient and sinuosity. Show your calculations. You will graph this data later in the activity. Gradient A « B Point A Elevation: 3010 Feet Point B Elevation: 2910 Feet Distance Between Point A & B: 3885 Feet e 3010 Feet—2910 Feet 100 Feet 5280 Feet _ 136 Feet Gradiznt 3885 Feet 3885 Feet 1Mile / Per 1 Mile Sinuosity A < B Midline Channel Length: 3916 Feet Straight Line Distance: 3885 Feet I L 3916 Feet e, Sinuosity: —=1.00 1.00 < 1.30 therefore the stream is Linear. 3885 Feet Gradient: 136 Feet/Mile Sinuosity: Linear (1.00) / T~ i g1 [ " - ¥ s Page 3 of 6 Athabasca University v Unit 5: Metamorphic Rocks Lab Assighment #4 August 5%, 2021

5 Sinuosity C —~ D Midline Channel Length: 17,950 Feet Straight Line Distance: 12,937 Feet 17,950 Feet Sinuosity: — E:; = 1 38 / 38 is in between ] 3 Lrnear) and 1.5 (Meandermg) therefore the stre4 'x s . P Gradient: 41 Feet/Mile Sinuosity: Sinuous (1.38) ./ Activity 11.5 (Meander Evolution on the Rio Grande): Answer questions A-D in the Laboratory Manual (pages 317-318). . A. Study the meander cutbanks labeled A through G. The red leader from each lett’er pomts to the cutbank’s Iecatron in 1992. In what two general directions (relative to the meander, relative to the direction of river flow) have these cutbank’s moved? Relative to the meander: By observrng Fig. A11 5.1 we can see there are fi Relative to the river flow: The river eppears to be flowing i ". b % DUy B. Study locations H and I. e T 1. In what country were H and | located in 19367 J o Both H and | were located in Mexico in 1936. l/ » 2. In what country were H and | located in 19927 ° Both H and | were located in the USA in 1992. '/ 3. Explain a process that probably caused locations H and I to change from meanders to oxbow lakes. e Anincreased rate of erosion at the neck of the meanders ca at the point of the neck cutoff the stream has now found a shorter and easier flow and this wilt€ventually cutoff the oxbow lake. Lt L = B | C. Based on your answer in part B3, predict how the river might change in the future at locations J and K. ° Due to an increased rate o will eventually gnhd up as oxbox lakes. e necks of these meanders this will cause neck cutoff in these areas. Point J and K D. What are features L, M, and N, and t-do they rnd te about the historical path of the Rio Grande? e These areas all appearto be oxbow lakes and suggest that at one point the Rio Grande meandered out to these oxbox lakes. Activity 11.6 (Retreat of Niagara Falls): Answer questions A-D in the Laboratory Manual (pages 319-320). A. About how long IS the Niagara Gorge today? Niagara Gorge Length = 12.36 Kilometres (approx) B. Based on this geochronology and the length of Niagara Gorge as shown in Fig. A11.6.2, calculate he average rate at which Niagara Falls has migrated southward along the Niagara River course in cm/year. Show your calculations. Rate of retreat ~_cm/year. Length of Niagara Gorge: 12 Kilomteres 1,200,000 Centimetres Niagara River has been the primary outlet for the upper great lakes for 11,000 years. 1,200,000 Centimetres 11,000 years Rate of retreat: 109.09cmlyear %_Q/\ Q},& V = 109.09cm per year Liam Murphy Unit 5: Metamorphic Rocks GEOL 200 Lab Assignment #4 Athabasca University Page 5 of 6 August 5%, 2021

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