GEOSCI 106 Lab 8_ Glaciers- MARCH

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University of Wisconsin, Madison *

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106

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Geology

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Dec 6, 2023

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GEOSCI/ENVIR ST 106: Environmental Geology Lab 8: Glaciers Assignment Overview: Glaciers are massive bodies of ice that flow under their own weight from high elevation to low. Glacier flow represents a significant movement of fresh water in Earth’s hydrologic cycle, and also strongly contributes to the shape of Earth’s topography. In this lab, you will explore the processes that drive glacial flow and the ways in which glaciers affect topography. Instructions: Fill out each red highlighted field (_________) according to each question’s instructions. Submission: To submit the assignment on Canvas, use the following steps: 1. In Google Docs, generate a PDF: File → Download as → PDF Document 2. In Google Docs, use Share → Get Shareable Link, and copy the link address 3. In Canvas, upload your PDF to the assignment. 4. In Canvas, paste the link address to your Google Doc in the assignment comments. 1
Part I – How do glaciers flow? Watch the following videos about glaciers and glacial processes and answer the following questions. BBC: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ghC-Ut0fW4o National Geographic: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WJgpDyP9ewQ How does your glacier flow? https://vimeo.com/133626869 1. (a) From your observations in the videos, do glaciers flow fastest at their sides (i.e., next to the valley side walls) or in the middle (i.e., away from the side walls)? (1 point) _After watching the vimeo of the New Zealand glacier I found that glaciers flow the fastest in the middle away from the side walls.________ (b) In the place(s) where the glacier is flowing more slowly, what makes the ice move more slowly there? (1 point) _I think the ice moves slower by the valley walls because there is more friction on ice and rock than there is with ice on ice in the middle.________ 2
Figure 1. Phase diagram of water. This shows the temperatures and pressures at which H 2 O is a solid (ice), a liquid (water), and a gas (water vapor). 2. Why can adding pressure to ice make it melt? To accompany your explanation, consider the phase diagram of water in Figure 1. Here, point A indicates a condition that is at atmospheric pressure (1 atm on the y-axis) and a temperature below freezing (less than 0°C on the x-axis), conditions like those we experience in winter in Madison. Download this diagram from the Canvas module (see the file named “Water phase diagram.png”), and on it draw an arrow starting at point A that shows how ice can melt under an increase in pressure but no change in temperature, even while remaining at temperature below 0°C. (You are welcome to use whatever application you like to draw an arrow. Recall from an earlier lab that one way to do this is here in this Google Doc: Place your cursor where you’d like the image to be, then go to Insert > Drawing > New, and drop the image you’d like to draw on in the resulting window). Paste your diagram here. (2 points) Paste your phase diagram here: _ ________ Explain why increasing pressure can make ice melt here: _In chemistry we learn that pressure and temperature are directly related so as one increases, the other also increases. It is because there are more particles in a tighter space moving around faster and faster which in turn melts the ice.________ 3. Do glaciers flow faster with or without meltwater at the base? Why is this? (2 points) 3
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