Kilauea Eruption Q&A
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Dec 6, 2023
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Kilauea Eruption Q&A
1.
What are the five Hawaiian shield volcanoes?
Kohala, Hualalai, Mauna Loa, Mauna Kea, and Kilauea.
2.
What is Hawaii’s largest shield volcano?
Mauna Loa.
3.
The geological cause of Hawaiian volcanism is:
______________________.
A hotspot.
4.
What causes the Hawaiian islands and seamounts to form straight lines?
The Pacific Plate moves over the hot spot, creating a line of volcanoes.
5.
What happens to the age of the islands and seamounts as they progress towards the west (left)?
They get older.
6.
What is the difference between a crater and a caldera?
A caldera is a crater that is greater than 1km.
7.
In Slide #4, what is causing the superheated steam to rise from the summit vent?
A lava lake.
8.
What causes three of Hawaii’s shield volcanoes to have two rifts rather than the classic three rifts?
The volcano is leaning against another one.
9.
What causes rifts to tear apart shield volcanoes?
Gravity.
10.
What type of smaller volcano is found on the Hawaii shield rift zones?
Cinder cones.
11.
According to Slide #6, what are the names of Kilauea’s two rift zones?
East Rift Zone and Southwest Rift Zone.
12.
What two towns on the map in Slide #6 are covered in lava?
Kapoho and Kalapana.
13.
Where is most of the magma underneath Kilauea stored?
The magma is underneath the caldera.
14.
What about the structure of the rifts that allows them to channel so much magma?
They are huge cracks that act as conduits for magma flow.
15.
How deep down in the mantle is the source of Kilauea’s magma?
60km.
16.
Which zone number on the map of Slide #8 is the most dangerous to build a home?
Zone 1.
17.
About what percentage of Hawaii’s main island has been covered in lava flows over the last 220
years?
About 20%.
18.
Hawaii is made entirely of volcanoes. So, why is it so rare that these volcanoes injure or kill
anyone?
Explosions are rare; they mainly experience lava flows.
19.
Which cinder cone produced most lava flows from 1983 to 2018?
Pu’u’O’o.
20.
How did Pu’u’O’o’ deliver most of its lava to the ocean?
It established a system of lava tubes.
21.
How large are lava tubes?
The Pu’u’o’O’ lava tube was 7.5 miles long.
22.
When the roof of a lava tube collapses, you can see into the underground lava river.
What is the
name of the collapse?
A skylight.
23.
Which is steep-sided: a cinder cone or a shield volcano?
A cinder cone.
24.
Cinder cones are limited to about 1,000 ft. tall. What prevents them from growing taller?
Hint:
The same issue limits dunes to under 1,000ft tall.
The angle of repose.
25.
What was the tourist attraction in the Kilauea crater until 2018?
A lava lake with fluctuating lava levels.
26.
What is the geological hazard for buying a house in Leilani Estates?
It’s a volcano hazard.
27.
What is the southeast district of Hawaii called?
The Puna District.
28.
If you bought a house in Leilani Estates, what volcanic hazards might you see (even when there is
no active eruption)?
Steam vents, lava tubes, and cinder cones.
29.
Why aren’t there any lakes, rivers, or streams in Puna?
There are so many rifts, tubes, and pits that rainwater falls into them instead of staying on the
surface.
30.
What was the first sign of trouble in early May 2018 that something was wrong?
Continuous earthquakes and cracks in the road.
31.
What caused the large mirror on the woman’s sliding doors to pulsate?
Earthquakes? She also claimed to feel the sensation of liquid movement under her home.
32.
What two things came out of the cracks in the ground on the next day?
Steam mixed with a strong sulfur odor.
33.
What sounded like a jet engine on May 3
rd
in the neighborhood?
An eruption.
34.
What caused the first lava that erupted to be more viscous (thicker) and explosive?
It was left over from previous eruptions going back as far as the 1800s.
35.
What caused the lava to erupt in a straight, narrow line through the neighborhood?
It followed the rift zone.
36.
What was the primary hazard to residents staying in their houses about 1 mile from the eruption?
Volcanic fog (vog).
37.
Why did the people continue to golf at the Kilauea golf course during the eruption?
They weren’t concerned about the explosions; Hawai’i isn’t a dangerous volcano.
38.
Aa lava is painful to walk across, even with boots on. Describe aa lava.
Aa lava is like rugged lava blocks.
39.
How does aa lava get all that rubble underneath the flow?
Aa lava creates a rubble layer ahead of it and then moves over this layer like a rolling tank.
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