Lab10_GEOL1147
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School
University of Houston *
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Course
1147
Subject
Geology
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
Pages
3
Uploaded by DoctorMask29322
Lab 10 for GEOL 11
47
(Introduction to Meteorology Lab)
The Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) is a standardized index based on the observed sea level pressure
differences between Tahiti and Darwin, Australia. The SOI is one measure of the large-scale fluctuations in
air pressure occurring between the western and eastern tropical Pacific (i.e., the state of the Southern
Oscillation) during El Niño and La Niña episodes. When the SOI is negative (positive), it corresponds to El
Niño (La Niña) event.
1.Use the SOI index listed in Lab10_soi.xls to calculate the averaged SOI index in Jan and Feb.
2. Plot time series of SOI (Jan & Feb) and Precipitation at San Diego (Jan & Feb). Plot the scatter plot of
SOI (Jan & Feb) and Precipitation at San Diego (Jan & Feb). Copy Jan & Feb precipitation at San Diego
from Lab9_SAN.xls to Lab10_soi.xls. Calculate averaged precipitation in Jan & Feb. Then plot averaged
SOI (Jan & Feb) versus Precipitation at San Diego (Jan & Feb).
3.Does negative SOI (El Nino event) correspond to wet winter at San Diego?
4. The National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration's Earth Systems Research Laboratory (ESRL), in
Boulder, Colorado, provides Web access to many years of atmospheric observations analyzed for use
originally by computer forecasting models. Among other things, the Web site allows you to construct
"composites" (by which ESRL means averages of spatial patterns over time) of a variety of atmospheric
quantities, including wind speed at various levels in the atmosphere.
4a. Access
ESRL's Monthly/Seasonal Climate Composites Web site
at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/cgi-
bin/data/composites/printpage.pl.
4b. Specify the quantity that you want to analyze and plot:
Pull down the "Which variable?" menu and select "Scalar Wind Speed".
4c. Specify the level in the atmosphere where you want to analyze the wind speed:
Pull down the "Level?" menu and select "300 mb".
4d. Specify the period of particular months of the year (the "season") during which you want to analyze the
wind speed at 300 mb:
Pull down the "Beginning month of the season" menu and select "Jan". Pull down the "Ending month"
menu and select "Feb".
4e. Specify the range of years for which you want to compute a composite average of 300 mb wind speed
during January and February (JF):
In the "Enter range of years" text box, enter "1950" to "2012".
4f. You are going to create a "color-filled" contour plot, which is a contour plot (of lines of constant wind
speed, or isotachs) in which the area between each pair of adjacent contour lines is filled in with a different
color. Specify a plot color:
Pull down the "Color" menu and select "Black and White".
4g. Under "Override default contour interval?", in the "Interval" text box, enter "2.5" (which means 2.5
meters per second). In the "Range: low" text box, enter "30" (that is, 30 meters/second).
In the "Range: high" text box, enter "50" (that is, 50 meters/second).
4h. Rather than viewing a plot for the entire world, create one for North America (which focuses more
closely on the area of interest to us, the West Coast of the U.S.):
Pull down the "Map projection" menu and select "North America".
4i. Click on the "Create plot" button. This should create the specified plot and display it in your Web
u
v
u
v
u
v
v
browser.
4j. Plot Scalar Wind Speed for El Niño years (1983, 1992, 1998) and La Niña years (1974, 2008, 2011).
Describe the differences of jet stream during the El Nino and La Nina years.
5. Plot 1000 mb air temperature for Jan and Feb in El Niño years (1983, 1992, 1998) and La Niña years
(1974, 2008, 2011). Also plot the anomaly figure for 1000 mb air temperature for El Niño years (1983,
1992, 1998) and La Niña years (1974, 2008, 2011). Plot the figure for the whole globe. Describe
differences in the 1000 mb air temperature between El Nino and La Nina years.
6. Plot the 300 mb vertical velocity (omega) for Jan and Feb in El Niño years (1983, 1992, 1998) and La
Niña years (1974, 2008, 2011) over the North America. Negative (positive) omega refers to rising (sinking)
air. Describe differences of vertical velocity between El Niño and La Niña years and their relationships to
the precipitation at San Diego.
y
was
having
issues
transferring
my
coed
I
gg
and
move
persistent
across
the
southern
us
Which
directly
leads
to
inurased
storm
activity
and
higher
than
ang
precipitation
The
jet
streams
also
shifted
further
south
than
it's
usual
position
During
a
nina
the
jet
streams
tend
to
be
weaker
and
less
persistent
and
then
one
mom
frequent
shifts
in
position
The
jet
stream
is
shifed
further
north
which
Leads
to
cooler
and
wetter
conditions
5
Difference
in
1000
mb
El
nino
you
notice
above
avenger
air
temp
over
the
west
pacific
eastern
ocean
and
colder
temperatures
over
the
western
pacific
The
warming
of
the
eastern
pacific
can
lead
to
an
increase
in
global
temperatures
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