Sedimentary Rock Prelab - Final (1)

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Broward College *

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1010

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Geology

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Apr 3, 2024

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Lab 6 – Sedimentary Rocks Prelab DIRECTIONS : After completing the reading and watching the videos, answer the following questions in your own words and provide links to your sources for any Internet information used (do not copy and paste answers directly from the websites, this constitutes plagiarism). Each answer should contain enough detail to address all parts of the question. Responses will require 2-5 sentences. 1. Generally, describe how sedimentary rocks differ from igneous rock types. ○ Sedimentary rocks are created by the accumulation and compaction of sediments built up over time, which creates a layered appearance within the stone. Igneous rocks come from the solidification of melted rocks, these rocks show a crystalline texture. 2. What are the three different ways that sedimentary rocks form from sediments? ○ Weathering and Erosion ○ Deposition ○ Compaction and Cementation 3. What is meant by the term clast? ○ Refers to a fragment or particle of rock that is a constituent of a sedimentary rock, often derived from the weathering and erosion of pre-existing rocks. 4. Name four grain sizes found in clastic sedimentary rocks. To get you started, the largest grain size has been provided on the list. Provide four more in decreasing order: Boulder , Cobble, Pebble, Granule, Silt 5. Describe in as much detail as possible, the formation of a clastic rock like sandstone. In your response, include the following terms: compaction and cementation. ○ Weathering and Erosion: It happens due to the temperature changes, wind, and water. These processes create sediment composed, including sand grains. ○ Transportation: The sediments are transported by rivers, wind, waves, etc. ○ Deposition: The sediment settles out in deposits like riverbeds, beaches, and deltas. The deposits will accumulate in layers over time creating the sedimentary rocks . 6. Describe the process by which chemical sedimentary rocks form and give an example. ○ Solution :These sedimentary rocks are composed of supersaturated chemical solutions of other dissolved minerals. The solutions may come from seawater or other mineral-filled fluids. ○ Precipitation : When climatic conditions such as temperature or pressure are decreased or changed, minerals will begin to form larger, more solid particles. ○ Accumulation :Precipitated minerals accumulate over time, forming layers and deposits in places such as the basins of large water systems. These deposits vary in composition and texture depending on which minerals were precipitated in that location. BC Online – Physical Geology Lab (GLY1010L) Use this document as your template. Make space to separate your responses from the questions.

Lab 6 – Sedimentary Rocks Prelab ○ Compaction and Cementation: As precipitation accumulates more minerals, the sediment will be compacted by the upper layers. This compaction reduces the pore space between sediment particles. ○ Lithification: Due to compaction, the compacted sediment will be transformed into a solid rock. This process is known as lithification. The characteristics of the rock depend on what materials, rate of compaction and precipitation have gathered in that deposit. 7. Name two sedimentary rocks that we might use in everyday life and describe how we use them? ○ Limestone : Used in construction for buildings, pavement. ○ Sandstone : Used in the production of grindstones for sharpening tools. 9-10. Provide hand-drawings or use a drawing program to sketch the following sedimentary rock textures. You may insert them into the document or attach them separately. Conglomerate Sandstone BC Online – Physical Geology Lab (GLY1010L) Use this document as your template. Make space to separate your responses from the questions.

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