ESSE1012_lab2_2024

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Toronto Metropolitan University *

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ESSE 3660

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Geology

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Apr 3, 2024

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LE/ESSE 1012 3.0 The Earth Environment Winter 2024 Lab. Section: Name: Student Number: LAB 2: MINERALS Due February 2, 2024, 10PM ET IMPORTANT: This is a hands-on lab. You must attend the lab session in person in order to receive credit for this lab. Unless otherwise indicated, show your work for all problems. You can either enter your answers into this document electronically using a computer or tablet, or you can print this document, handwrite your answers in the spaces provided, and scan the pages. If you need additional space, you can insert additional pages or you can add additional space within the Word document. For all numerical answers, the units should be indicated. Students can discuss this lab with each other, but copying from each other or copying from other sources is cheating and is not permitted. You should not share your answer sheets with other students or look at the answer sheets of other students. You should understand the concepts well enough to explain your answers in your own words. Your answers for hands-on portions of the lab should be based on work that you yourself performed in the lab location. If the lab procedure indicates that you can form groups to complete particular tasks, then you should still be physically present in the lab location contributing to the completion of those tasks, and you should write the names of other group members on your answer sheets. If your work relies on information that is obtained from a legitimate source other than ESSE 1012 course materials, please indicate the source of that information with enough detail so that someone else can locate the source. Please see the course outline for detailed policies. Although there are thousands of known minerals, over 99% of the rocks on Earth are made up of fewer than 20 minerals. In this laboratory exercise, you will examine the properties of these 'rock forming' minerals. The goal of this lab is to have you use the physical properties of crystalline solids to identify common rock forming minerals. In the process, you will use Tables A.1 and Table A.2 from the Jarvis text (available on eClass), along with the concepts covered in the lecture and Chapter 7 of the McConnell text . LE/ESSE 1012 Lab 2 - Winter 2024 ©NTandon Page 1 of 7

1. COLOUR, STREAK AND LUSTRE You are provided with the following samples: Mineral Name Lustre Pyrite Metallic Quartz Vitreous (glassy) Kaolinite Dull Earthy Talc Pearly Examine each sample and be sure that you can recognize each type of lustre before moving on. Use the streak plates (made of unglazed porcelain) along with your recently acquired knowledge of lustre to determine the colour, streak and lustre of the given minerals below. Non-Silicates: magnetite oolitic hematite limonite sphalerite galena pyrite Silicates: kaolinite amphibole garnet a) Complete the following table from your results (3 marks for each mineral) Mineral Colour Streak Lustre Magnetite (#71). Black. Black. SubMetallic Oolitic hematite (#75). Maroon Reddish brown Dull earthy Limonite (#73). Orange brown. Yellowish brown. Earthy Sphalerite (#66). Brownish black Light brown. adamantine. Galena (#77). Silver. Dark grey. Metallic Pyrite (#78). Brass yellow. Grey Metallic Kaolinite (#82). White. White. Dull earthy Amphibole (#62). Dark green. None. Sub metallic LE/ESSE 1012 Lab 2 - Winter 2024 ©NTandon Page 2 of 7

Garnet (#67). Brownish black None. Waxy b) Was streak colour useful for all of the minerals? Why or why not? If not, indicate the lustre(s) of the mineral(s) for which streak was not useful. Was there a particular group that streak was useful for? (4 marks) Streak color was a useful property for identifying most minerals. It's especially handy for metallic minerals like magnetite, galena, and pyrite, as well as minerals with a vitreous luster such as garnet and amphibole. However, for minerals like sphalerite with an adamantine luster the streak color wasn’t as useful for identification. c) Suppose that you encounter a rock sample with earthy lustre, and you wish to determine its mineral composition. One portion of the rock sample produces a reddish brown streak and another portion of the rock sample produces a yellowish brown streak. How would you interpret these results? (4 Marks) The rock sample has two unique streak colours. Means there’s two different minerals in the stone. The reddish-brown streak is most likely caused by oolitic hematite, whereas the yellowish- brown streak indicates that limonite may also be present in the sample. d) Pyrite is commonly known as “fool’s gold” because it has some physical properties similar to gold. Give two different physical properties that you would use to identify pyrite as distinct from gold? (4 Marks) Two different properties could be streak colour and pattern difference. 1.Pyrites leaves a grey or brownish black streak while the gold leaves a golden yellow streak. 2. Pyrites looks more sharp edges and faces while gold is more grains without well defined crystal faces 2. HARDNESS You have been provided with 5 of the 10 minerals in the Mohs’ hardness scale. In increasing order of hardness you will find: 1 – Talc 7 – Quartz 3 – Calcite 9 – Corundum 4 – Fluorite LE/ESSE 1012 Lab 2 - Winter 2024 ©NTandon Page 3 of 7

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