Lab #2 - kdg (2)

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1301

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Geology

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Apr 3, 2024

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GEOL 1330 Name: Kylie Gomez Global Warming Lab #2 1. (30 points) Below you find a figure showing the annual and five-year running mean surface air temperature in the contiguous 48 United States since 1880 compared to the mean (average) temperatures from 1951-1980. Each square represents the average temperature for one year. The red line represents the average temperatures over a 5-year period. The graphs used in this exercise and their data can be found at https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs/ . Examine the graph and fill in the table below (“normal” refers to the 1951 -1980 average). Then determine whether or not temperatures show a trend over time. Time period Number of years with mean Temp. > 0° to +1° above normal Number of years with mean Temp. more than +1° above normal Number of years with mean Temp. < 0° to -1° below normal

1884-1903 5 0 15 1904-1923 4 1 14 1924-1943 9 1 8 1944-1963 13 0 6 1964-1983 6 0 14 1984-2003 13 2 4 2004-2023 13 8 0 Trend over time? (circle one) Warming / Cooling, No- trend Warming / Cooling, No- trend Warming / Cooling, No- trend On average have temperatures risen or fallen since 1900 in the US? During which time period did the hottest years occur? After looking at this data set, how confident are you that there is an overall change in temperature? Explain your answer. During the 1900’s in the U.S, the temperature increased greatly. The time period that has had the hottest year yet is 2003 – 2023. I am confident that the temperature has had an overall increase because you can visually see an increase on the graph as well as the chart, the amount of above normal temperatures increases, and the below temperature decreases in the chart. 2. (40 points) Now examine the figure below showing variations in GLOBAL annual temperature since 1880 compared to the mean (average) temperatures from 1951-1980. Each square represents the average temperature for one year. The red line represents the average temperatures over a 5-year period. The gray bars show uncertainty estimates due to incomplete spatial sampling of data. Compare this graph to the one for the USA and answer the questions below.

Time period Number of years with mean Temp. > 0° to +1° above normal Number of years with mean Temp. more than +1° above normal Number of years with mean Temp. < 0° to -1° below normal 1884-1903 0 0 19 1904-1923 0 0 20 1924-1943 3 0 15 1944-1963 10 0 10 1964-1983 11 0 9 1984-2003 19 0 0 2004-2023 18 3 0 Trend over time? (circle one) Warming / Cooling, No- trend Warming / Cooling, No- trend Warming / Cooling, No- trend Compared to the US temperature data, are the trends shown by the global data set stronger, weaker, or the same strength? While the U.S. temperature data has a higher variance, I believe that the global data set is stronger because you can see an increase in the entire global temperature rather than just one country. The trends in the global temperature match up with the U.S. temperature but the fact there is such a noticeable change in the world, it is stronger.

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