Chapter 2 Questions (1)

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Apr 3, 2024

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Answer the following Questions for Review (Chapter 2, page 33) Describe the differences between Earth’s crust, lithosphere, asthenosphere, and mantle. (1) The Earth’s crust is the upper layer of the Earth, the Earth’s lithosphere is the stiff and rigid outer rind of Earth, the Earth’s asthenosphere is the inner hotter layer of Earth that is easily deformed, and the Earth’s mantle is solid and inner part of Earth. What does oceanic lithosphere consist of and how thick is it? (2) Iron and magnesium- higher density and it is 7 km thick. What are the main types of lithospheric plate boundaries described in terms of relative motions? Provide a real example of each. (3) Divergent, convergent, and transform are the three main types of the lithospheric plate boundaries. Divergent plate boundary is Mid-Atlantic Ridge, where the Eurasian Plate and the North American Plate are moving apart, creating a new crust. Convergent plate boundary is the Himalayas, where the Indian Plate is colliding with the Eurasian Plate, resulting in the formation of the tallest mountain range in the world. Transform plate boundary is the San Andreas Fault in California, where the Pacific Plate and the North AMerican Plate are sliding past each other horizontally. Why does oceanic lithosphere almost always sink beneath continental lithosphere at convergent zones? (4) The oceanic lithosphere almost always sinks beneath continental lithosphere at the convergent zones because the continental lithosphere is less dense than the oceanic lithosphere. Along which type(s) of lithospheric plate boundary are large earthquakes common? Why? (5) Transform plate boundary because it moves side to side which the movement of the parallel is what causes the earthquakes. Convergent plate boundary because of the continental collision zone that it is in. Along which type(s) of lithospheric plate boundary are large volcanoes most common? Provide an example. (6) Convergent because the denser plate slides beneath each other and sinks into the mantle which then absorbs the heat. Before people understood plate tectonics, what evidence led some scientists to believe in continental drift? (8) South America and Africia fit like a puzzle, mountain ranges, fossils, and ancient rocks match up as well as fit in the puzzle.
What evidence confirmed seafloor spreading? (10) The ocean floor acts as a conveyor belt carrying continents and spreading rate calculated to be 2.5cm per year. Explain how the modern theory of plate tectonics developed in the contest of the scientific method. (12) 1st: The Hypothesis was formed 2nd: They tested it. 3rd:Found evidence and supported it for a long period of time. 4th: Predicted other aspects of the behavior.
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