earthquakes volcanoes final review

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University of Kentucky *

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150

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Geology

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Jan 9, 2024

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Earthquakes and Volcanoes Practice review Lesson 15 1. Globally, how often do the volcanoes of our planet show signs of activity? a. Several times each week 2. Mount Wildcat has not erupted in historic times, however it sits directly above a mantle plume where magma is generated within Earth's crust. How would we categorize this volcano? a. Dormant 3. For us to use the term "volcano", what conditions/features must be currently present? Check all that apply. a. evidence of past eruptions 4. You are thinking of buying a house. The house is twenty miles from a volcano. The house is next to a river that flows down from the volcano. You real estate agent tells you the volcano last erupted 100 years ago, so you don’t have anything to worry about. Having had EES 150: Earthquakes & Volcanoes, you know this volcano is _________________. a. active 5. What environmental consequences can be caused by volcanic activity? Check all that apply. a. climate warming b. climate cooling c. acid rain d. extinction of organisms 6. Venus is much hotter than Earth because .... a. all of the CO 2 the volcanoes produce stays in the atmosphere 7. The volcanoes are shown as red triangles in the image below. What is your best interpretation of the tectonic setting of these volcanoes? a. convergent plate boundary between two oceanic plates
8. Based on information available from the image, what is your best interpretation of the tectonic setting of these volcanoes, shown as red triangles? a. mantle plume 9. Mars currently has little to no volcanic activity, although it did in the past. Which statement best explains this? a. Mars is smaller than the Earth so has less radioactivity 10. Imagine that Earth had never had any volcanic activity. What would Earth be like, if this were the case? Check all scenarios that apply. a. Earth would not have (or much) water b. Earth would be colder c. Earth would not have life Lesson 16 1. In which of these tectonic settings do we find most of Earth's volcanic actvity? a. mid-ocean ridge 2. Which of the following causes a magma to have increased viscosity? a. increased silica content and increased amount of mineral crystals already formed only 3. As a rock melts, different minerals will melt at different temperatures, rather than all at once. This process is called... a. partial melting 4. At a mid-ocean ridge, what is the trigger that causes rocks to start to partially melt to form magma? a. decreased pressure in the mantle, lowering the melting point of the minerals 5. Which one of the three tectonic setting shown below is the least likely to have active volcanoes? a. C
6. If a rock partially melts, which minerals will have melted? a. those with a low melting point 7. Which statement best describes how magma forms at mid-ocean ridges? a. The spreading plates cause decreased pressure on the mantle, allowing it to partially melt. 8. Which of the following are tectonic settings where we generally do not expect volcanic activity? Check all that apply. a. transform plate boundaries b. continent-continent convergent plate boundaries 9. This volcano is erupting to produce _________. a. mostly pyroclastic material 10. Which of these are examples of plutonic igneous rocks? Check all the apply. a. A b. B c. D Lesson 17 1. Examine the photograph below and select the best scenario for how the rock layer shown formed. a. This rock cooled from a basaltic lava flow
2. A high silica content in lava will directly cause ... a. a higher viscosity 3. Basaltic lava usually forms due to partial melting of the... a. Mantle 4. Which of these is mostly associated with basaltic magma and eruption? a. pahoehoe, lava tubes, columnar jointing 5. Lava A is very fluid and erupts easily, forming pahoehoe. Lava B is a little less fluid. It flows out of the volcanic vent and forms a’a deposits. Lava C flows out of the volcano as it sends volcanic bombs flying through the air. Lava D does not flow at all, but instead erupts in a cloud of pyroclastic debris. Which lava is most likely to have a high silica content? a. D 6. Three lavas have the same composition. Lava A is very hot and has little gas dissolved in it. Lava B is also very hot but has a lot of gas dissolved in it. Lava C is colder and also has a lot of gas dissolved in it. Which one is probably going to produce the most pyroclastic material? a. C 7. Examine the pictures of volcanic rocks below. Which picture shows a rocks that formed or is forming from a lava that has a high gas content? a. C 8. Examine the picture of volcanic rocks below. Which picture shows a volcanic rock that is the result of an underwater eruption? Same picture as above. a. D 9. This type of lava flow is most likely to result from an eruption of what composition? a. Basaltic 10. At subduction zones, what is the trigger that causes rocks to start to melt to form magma? a. subduction of water, descreasing the melting point of the minerals in the rock Lesson 18 1. A large volcano with gently sloping sides composed mostly of successive lava flows is a/an... a. Shield volcano 2. Which of these generally represents the highest volume of lava generated during a single eruption? a. flood basalt 3. What style of eruption most likely caused this volcano to form?
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