Group study design application activity (1) (1)

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Health Science

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Feb 20, 2024

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Group Activity on Study Design In your groups, discuss the following three questions for each scenario presented below. Write below each scenario your group’s thoughts for each of the three questions. Submit one assignment per group via Blackboard by Sunday, 11:59 p.m., of the module week. 1) Decide which study design you would use to study the relationship between the exposure and outcome of interest. 2) Briefly discuss what may be the groups of comparison (e.g., cases and controls, exposed and unexposed, or who would be surveyed) 3) Determine the sources of data you could use, or what data you may want to collect from each comparison group. Scenario 1 A researcher with a medium-sized grant wants to study the relationship between exposure to in-home treated drinking water (such as Brita filters) and diarrhea among children in three neighboring towns, in comparison to tap water. All three towns use the same water source and treatment facility. ● The study design that we would use to study the relationship between exposure to in-home treated drinking water and diarrhea among children in three neighboring towns, in comparison to tap water is a cohort study design. A cohort study design will allow us to be able to find and collect data on the exposure that the families will have based on whether they have clean or unclean waters. ● The groups of comparison and controls, exposed and unexposed, or who would be surveyed in this study would be the children, the types of in-home treated drinking waters, and the three towns. After collecting all the data, we can compare the frequency that the children have diarrhea from the homes with in-home treated water against the homes without it. ● The sources of data that we could use is a daily log with the information about the children in all three of the towns. The information would contain what type of drinking water they have in their homes, treated or untreated. The information would also include whether or not the children had diarrhea. This information would then be used to help us create an outcome from the use of in-home treated water vs. untreated waters in the three towns, which could lead to answers for any health issues, exposures, or events that may be occurring or can occur. This information can also lead to interventions that may be needed if the waters are contaminated and causing health

issues. Scenario 2 A researcher wants to survey the prevalence of sexually-transmitted infections (STIs) among female college students at four universities. Two of these universities have large educational and outreach campaigns for sexual protection and testing, while the other two do not. The researcher has very limited time and funds. ● The study design that we would use to study the relationship between the exposure and outcome of interest would be a cross-sectional study design for this particular scenario. ● Once the data is collected from each university, the researcher (we) could possibly compare the prevalence of STIs from the two larger universities to the two smaller universities. ● To determine the source of the data that could be used the researchers (we) could survey the universities, collect health data regarding STI’s within the last year and then provide data on female students who contracted an STI. All data would be collected from all four universities and would be documented of the cases of STI’s in the female student population. Scenario 3 A researcher wants to study whether women who breastfeed have lower rates of breast cancer in later life. Funders would like an analysis within two years. ● The study design that would be utilized to study the relationship between breastfeeding and the development of cancer would be a case-control study. ● Women who have developed breast cancer (cases) would be compared to those who have not developed breast cancer (controls) within the same population. ● The “cases” would be selected from a local cancer registry. The “controls” would be selected from the database of the same hospital the cases visited. The data would be collected via a telephone questionnaire. We would collect data on breastfeeding history such as if the woman did breastfeed or not, the length of time of her breastfeeding, and if she does have breast cancer, how long has it been since she stopped breastfeeding. ANDREW BAXTER ADRIANNA AGUIRRE

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