Velocity and Acceleration of a Rolling Object

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Moraine Valley Community College *

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101

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Health Science

Date

Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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Uploaded by CorporalMorning13222

Introduction to Physical Science At Home Lab: Velocity and Acceleration of a Rolling Object Upon Completion of this lab, students will:  Understand how to identify constant velocity and acceleration from position vs time graphs  Understand how to analyze a data set and incorporate a best fit line  How to calculate velocity and acceleration rates from best fit lines  How to use video to gather motion data  Describe the difference between an object moving at constant velocity and an object moving with acceleration To Complete this lab, Students need:  An object to roll (a duct tape roll or ball, etc.)  A flat surface (coffee table, buffet table, kitchen table, counter, etc. but it must be able to be inclined by propping up one side)  Something to mark position locations (masking tape, Post-It notes, small objects, etc.)  A camera (phone camera, web camera, etc.) Rolling an Object on a Flat Surface For this part of the lab you will need access to a ball or tape roll (I think a roll of duct tape works best), as well as a flat surface at least 1-1.5 m long (coffee table top, etc.), a device to measure length (meter stick, yard stick, tape measure), and a video camera (cell phone camera, webcam, etc.). You will also need masking tape, post-it notes, or anything that you can use to mark your surface without damaging it (see lab instruction video). 1. Begin by measuring your surface and marking it at regular intervals (I used a buffet surface and marked it every 6 inches with masking tape. I marked the front of it so that the position markings were easily visible by the camera). 2. Once your surface is marked, start your camera. Grab a book (or something flat) and place your object on the book. Put the book in line with the flat surface. Now incline the book slightly and release your rolling object. Stop the camera once it has rolled across the surface. 3. Using the video, fill in the table below (Table 1) with position and time data. Be sure to begin measuring the time from the moment the rolling object leaves the surface of the “book” and begins to roll on the flat surface you are rolling it across. Also be sure to put your measurements for distance in meters. Be sure to view the instruction video for clear instructions.

Table 1: Rolling across a flat surface with low incline at launch. Position (m) Time (s) 0 10.52 .1524 10.66 0.3048 11.10 0.4572 11.37 0.6096 11.53 0.762 11.76 0.9144 12.03 4. Put your data into a spreadsheet (Google Sheet or Microsoft Excel), and make a graph of position vs time. I go through how to do this using Google Sheet in the instruction video. What type of graph do you get? Does it indicate constant velocity or acceleration? A scatter graph with a trend line which indicates Constant velocity 5. Add a trendline. If you use a linear trendline, how fast is the object rolling? If it is a polynomial trendline, what is the acceleration of the object? X=0.5873T-6.1687 6. Add a chart title, axis labels and add the graph below.

7. Take a screenshot of your video showing your setup, and paste it below. 8. Repeat the same process, only this time put your “book” to a steeper incline before you roll it down the surface. Fill in your position vs time data in Table 2. Table 2: Flat surface with steeper starting incline. Position (m) Time (s) 0 3.37 .1524 3.48 0.3048 3.59 0.4572 3.80 0.6096 3.90 0.762 4.22 0.9144 4.43 9. How does this graph compare to the one before it? Is the slope steeper, and what would that indicate about the speed of the object? The speed of the object was faster due to the slope being steeper so the graph will be steeper 10. Add a trendline, axis labels and chart title. Paste the graph below. What is the speed of this object?

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