HA 535 Week 5 Discussion

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Tuskegee University *

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535

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Health Science

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Oct 30, 2023

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docx

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Week 5 Discussion COLLAPSE  How do you think two crucial research events—the creation of the Nuremberg Code and the U.S. Public Health Service Syphilis study at Tuskegee—influenced the role of Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) in the study design process?  Respond to at least two of your classmates' or instructor's posts. Comment on their initial posts and describe how you think the Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research also influences IRBs. In the Tuskegee Study, participants were told not to seek any penicillin treatments in order to research the effects of syphilis without treatment. This study focused on African American males and was unethical and misleading as far as the requirements and guidelines. Rather than receiving treatment for this infection, they were denied any antibiotics and monitored as the infection worsened. The Nuremberg Code was issued by the Military Tribunal in 1947. The purpose is to prevent any abuse of human subjects after World War II. This is regarding human experiments that were done on prisoners. The U.S. Government played a role in the Tuskegee Study, through the CDC and the U.S. Public Health Service. Nuremberg was carried out in Germany. Both of these studies impacted the need to regulate any situation where human involvement and/or participation are involved. The IRB is responsible to regulate these trials when human beings are involved. This is to ensure ethical and moral treatment are upheld. It also makes sure full consent is understood by the participant and they understand it is voluntary and safe. Fifty years later: The significance of the Nuremberg Code | NEJM . (2009, August 20). New England Journal of Medicine. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejm199711133372006 CDC. (2020). Tuskegee study - Timeline - CDC - NCHHSTP . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/tuskegee/timeline.htm Hi Natalie, Great post! I found an article that expands on the history of human-subject research. It is amazing to me that it took so many bad situations to lead to

government change. It is so sad to think of those poor people who were tortured in the name of science, especially in the Nazi Germany realm. It is important to understand history, so that we do not let it repeat itself. You would think that simple human compassion would have played a larger role in doing what is ethically right. However, that is not always the case. Lindsey The historical, ethical, and legal background of human-subjects research . (October). PubMed. Hi Ladies and Dr. O, I also found this website while I was googling, and it was pretty interesting. It details more about the experiments that were performed on the concentration camp prisoners. It is a short and sweet summary, but still very informative. And yes, extremely sad. There is a small paragraph on each ‘experiment’ used. They are high altitude, freezing, sulfanilamide, using twins, poisons, TB, phosgene, bone, muscle and joint transplantation, sterilization, artificial insemination and seawater consumption. Most of these experiments were done in order to learn how to better treat wounded German soldiers or test various elements before exposing their own military to them. Hard to believe these types of acts did exist at one point in time. Lindsey NOVA online | Holocaust on trial | The experiments . (n.d.). PBS: Public Broadcasting Service. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/holocaust/experiside.html#alti

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