HS200_2302A_Unit_6_Assignment_PattyBickham

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Unit 6 Assignment H200 Unit 6 Patty Bickham Case Study #1 Jennifer is a 28-year-old Caucasian woman who works as a legal assistant in a law firm. While showering one morning she notices a lump in her right breast. Jennifer knows her mother had a harmful mutation in the BRCA1 gene, and her mother died of breast cancer. Jennifer has also had a history of early menstruation. She has never been pregnant, although would like to have children one day. Concerned, Jennifer sees her primary physician, who sends her to have a mammogram. The mammogram shows that she does indeed have breast cancer. Her doctor discusses treatment options with her. Complete the table below. Each blank is worth 3.5 points. Breast Cancer[ CITATION Bre23 \l 1033 ] Signs and Symptoms Breast pain, skin irritation or dimpling, Lump in breasts usually under the arm, nipple pain, discharge from nipples not milk, nipple turning inside, redness or thickening of the breast tissue. Risk factors Hereditary and age, 2 risks factors that cannot be changed. Hard living, smoking, being an I will exercise later person, and the Fast-Food junkie are all ways of causing cancer too. Screening/diagnosis Mammogram and ultrasound. Preventive measures Quit the smoking, hard living and start to live a healthy life (eat healthy and exercise) Traditional treatment options and side effects Before choosing a treatment, get a 2 nd opinion. Surgeries Lumpectomy where they just take the lump out. And Mastectomy where they take all the breast tissue out. Chemotherapy = Abraxane (chemical name: albumin-bound or nab-paclitaxel) Adriamycin (chemical name: doxorubicin) carboplatin (brand name: Paraplatin) Cytoxan (chemical name: cyclophosphamide) daunorubicin (brand names: Cerubidine, DaunoXome) Doxil (chemical name: doxorubicin) Ellence (chemical name: epirubicin) fluorouracil (also called 5-fluorouracil or 5-FU; brand name: Adrucil) Gemzar (chemical name: gemcitabine) Halaven (chemical name: eribulin) Ixempra (chemical name: ixabepilone) methotrexate (brand names: Amethopterin, Mexate, Folex) Mitomycin (chemical name: mutamycin) mitoxantrone (brand name: Novantrone) Navelbine (chemical name: vinorelbine) Taxol

(chemical name: paclitaxel) Taxotere (chemical name: docetaxel) thiotepa (brand name: Thioplex) vincristine (brand names: Oncovin, Vincasar PES, Vincrex) Xeloda (chemical name: capecitabine) Radiation Therapy = External Beam Radiation, Brachytherapy or Internal Radiation, Intraoperative Radiation Hormonal Therapy for Breast Cancer = Aromatase Inhibitors, Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs). Arimidex. Targeted Therapy = Afinitor. Avastin, Enhertu Immunotherapy = Jemperli. Keytuda, Tecentriq Loss of hair, vomiting, other stomach issues, fatigue and headaches Depression CAM options Acupuncture, Acupressure & shiatsu, Reiki, Hypnotherapy, Massage, Reflexology, Meditation, Herbal (Marijuana) therapy, Homeopathy, Yoga, Tai Chi. Imagine you are Jennifer’s physician, and provide your response to her question: “How will these treatments affect my fertility?” (3 points) Even though at your age having children after Chemo is possible it is also a good idea just in case, to have some your eggs harvested and saved until you feel it is right for you. Case Study #2 John is a 40-year-old, 6-foot-tall African American male with a BMI of 30. He is in the real estate business and likes to have a drink after work to unwind. He also enjoys going out with friends to a bar on weekends. John has approximately 20 drinks per week. At the doctor’s office during a regular checkup, he reports feeling tired at work, a change of bowel habits over the past 2 months, and occasionally has blood in his stool. He has a family history of colon cancer; his father had colon cancer but has managed it through treatment and is alive and doing well. The physician sends him for a colonoscopy after a sigmoidoscopy. He is told after the procedure that a suspicious mass is detected and a biopsy and CT scan are needed to confirm the diagnosis. Complete the table below. Each blank is worth 3.5 points. Colon Cancer [ CITATION Mou23 \l 1033 ] Signs and Symptoms Lower Abdominal area pain and tender to the touch, Bloody poop, Diarrhea, constipation or other changes in your poop. Thin poops, Unexplainable weight-loss Risk factors Older people (45+) Drinker, Smoker, on the Obesity scale, Unfortunately Black and Eastern European people, People who love their red meat, Has a family history and may have Crohn’s disease or Colitis.

Screening/diagnosis Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy Complete Blood Count to check that you are not low on iron and Liver function tests. IF diagnosed CT or MRI scans maybe done to make sure it didn’t spread. Preventive measures You can’t stop age, but you can stop drinking and smoking. Get exercise on a regular basis, Eat less red or processed meats and more veggies and fruit. Traditional treatment options and side effects Surgery = to remove the tumor Chemotherapy = kills the cancerous cells Radiation = kills cancerous tissue Targeted therapy = keeping the cancer from spreading Loss of hair, vomiting, other stomach issues, fatigue and headaches Anxiety and Depression CAM options Most people find hope in support groups. Imagine you are John’s physician, and respond to the concerns he expresses: “I’m nervous, Doctor. If the results come back indicating I have cancer, then what is my prognosis? What treatment options are there? (3 points) Depending on the stage and if we caught it in it’s early stage and after 5 years after diagnosis with no recurring polyps we are looking at you being cured. As far as treatments again depending where we are in the stages will depend on where we go, it can be as simple as surgically removing the tumor or treating it with chemotherapy or radiation. I can see you are upset and worried, why don’t you call the Colorectal Cancer Alliance at 877 422-2030 [ CITATION Col23 \l 1033 ] they can help explain and support you through this whole ordeal. John, I can’t tell you not to worry but there is support out there and in here for you. Case Study #3 Sofia, a 65-year-old woman, visits her doctor, complaining of a 4 week history of right sided chest pain. She describes the pain as dull and intermittent, and has not changed over the last few weeks. She has also lost about 7 pounds last few months. After a series of tests and procedures such as chest X-ray, CT scan, sputum cytology, and biopsy of the lung tissue, Sofia is diagnosed with non- small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). She used to smoke, but quit 10 years ago at age 55. She had started smoking at age 16. Her father was also a smoker, and died of lung cancer. She is informed about other tests and procedures that may be used in the staging process, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) scan, and pulmonary function tests (PFTs). Sofia is terribly anxious and asks her doctor about the prognosis. Complete the table below. Each blank is worth 3.5 points. Lung Cancer [ CITATION Ame232 \l 1033 ] Signs and Symptoms Cough that don’t go away and blood comes with it. Chest pain that just won’t go away, shortness of

breath or wheezing. Numerous lung infections like Bronchitis. Some other signs that might not seem like it could be a symptom is Losing weight because you have no appetite, headaches, bone pain or fractures Blood Clots Risk factors Smoking, Radon, Hazardous Chemicals, Genetics, Particle Pollution Screening/diagnosis Low-dose CT Scan if something is found then A MRI and PET Preventive measures Can’t change your Genetics, but you can lessen the chances. Stop smoking eat healthier. Limit your contact with Hazardous Materials and Chemicals. Traditional treatment options and side effects Depending on Lung Cancer, Surgery, Radiation, Chemotherapy, Targeted Therapies, Immunotherapy Palliative Care Fatigue, shortness of breath, skin reactions. Throat or mouth soreness, Infections and bleeding Gastrointestinal issues, Hair loss, Anxiety or depression CAM options Meditation, Biofeedback, Yoga, Vitamins, Herbal Medicines, Special Diets, Massage, Chiropractic Care, reflexology, Tai Chi, Reiki, Therapeutic Touch. Ayurvedic Medicine, Chinese Medicine, Naturopathic Medicine Imagine you are Sofia’s physician, and provide your response to her question: “What is the prognosis? How long do I have to live?” (3 points) Your prognosis Sofia all depends on what changes you make now. I can’t predict the future however I can say we can prolong it with you if you stop smoking and start promoting a healthier lifestyles. If you spend all your time knowing how long you have to until you die, you will not live. So let’s create a plan to combat and beat this. Case Study #4 Andrew is 48 years old, works in a health insurance company, and is single. Through discussion with colleagues, he becomes aware of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) test. He knows his father was diagnosed with prostate cancer at an early age. Andrew decides to go for the PSA screening test. His higher than normal PSA blood test and digital rectum exam (DRE) test suggest he might have

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