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Indiana Wesleyan University, Marion *

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520

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Health Science

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Dec 6, 2023

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docx

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4

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HBSEII Theoretical Perspectives: The Physical Environment INSTRUCTIONS: Complete each section of the chart. In the application section, give an example of how each theory might be used to understand the experiences of a specific client system. Citations are required for quotes, and/or if you have used other sources beyond your textbook. However, for the purpose of this assignment, summaries and paraphrases from your textbook do not need to be cited. (Last week’s Ecological Systems Theory has been included as an example for you to follow) Ecological Systems Theory Major Theorist(s) Uri Bronfenbrenner Summary of Focus and Main Concepts Individuals, and their development, are impacted by their surrounding environment across five levels: microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem: Microsystem: The systems with which an individual has direct interactions. Examples include family members, friends, church, and co-workers etc. Mesosystem : The ways in which an individual’s microsystems are interconnected. The interactions between these microsystems can be positive or negative and have corresponding influences on the individual. Example: An adult student may experience competing demands for their time by both school and work. Exosystem : Broader systems with which the individual may or may not have direct interactions, but can significantly impact on them. Examples include neighborhood, organizations, extended family. Macro System : The most expansive system. The individual does not interact directly with this system but it still impacts them. Examples include culture, economy, and political systems. Chronosystem : The element of time and how transitions, changes, and historical events impact an individual and their development.
Example of Application to Social Work Practice with a Client System Maria is a second-generation Hispanic American in 8 th grade. She has been referred to the school social worker because her teacher noticed that she needs a winter coat. When the social worker meets with Maria, she considers the following: Microsystem – Maria has been made fun of at school because her coat is too small and this has created a disconnect between her and her peers. The social worker requires parent permission to provide Maria with a new coat, but Maria reports that they do not speak English and that she will serve as their translator. Mesosystem – Maria loves her parents and they have a good relationship, but they both work two jobs for low wages. As a result, they have been unable to take her shopping for a new coat, or attend school events. Maria knows her parents work hard, but she wishes that they would be given more time off. Exosystem – Maria’s parents are taking English classes at the local library, and working to become American citizens. Maria is close to her Aunts and Uncles who live in their neighborhood. Macrosystem – The social worker must consider Maria’s culture and any discrimination experienced by this family. Immigration and minimum wage laws may also impact this family. Chronosystem – The social worker may consider how long have Maria’s parents have lived in the United States. Maria may have recently experienced a growth spurt due to her age, that would account for her ill-fitting coat. Stimulation Theories Major Theorist(s) Han Selye Summary of Focus and Main Concepts The main focus of Stimulation theories is the physical environment as a source of sensory information essential for a healthy human being. Some examples include light, color, heat, texture, or scent. Another focus of this theory includes the direct concrete effect of stimulation on behavior and the symbolic impact, which contributes to a person's feelings and stigma. Example of Application to Social Work Practice with a Client System Stimulation theories help social workers to consider the quality and intensity of sensory stimulation in the client's environment, including where they live and work. A social worker working with a client that is autistic can apply stimulation theory by accessing their physical environment to avoid overstimulation. Also, if the client is overstimulated, the social worker can help identify if these are either direct or symbolic effects.
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