Lab 5 Bones, Joints, Muscles NEW (1)
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School
Rowan College of South Jersey, Sewell *
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Course
101
Subject
Health Science
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
Pages
5
Uploaded by GeneralJaguar3445
Lab 5:
Bone, Muscle, and Joints Lab
Learning Objectives:
1.
Describe the structure of a joint and muscle tissue.
2.
Explain the following concepts of muscle physiology:
length tension
relationship, fatigue and the action of extension and flexion.
3.
Describe and give examples of each of the six types of synovial joints.
4.
Describe examples of muscles involved in movements at the joints.
Activity 1.
Muscle Fatigue
1.
This activity will test muscle fatigue.
Stand on the balls of your feet and raise
your heels up off the ground rapidly and powerfully, as you count the number of
times you can do this in 20 seconds. Repeat this activity 10 times without taking a
break.
Record your data in the following chart.
Before you do this experiment,
make a hypothesis based on what you expect to happen.
Trial
Number
# of lifts
1
42
2
41
3
38
4
37
5
36
6
35
7
32
8
28
9
27
10
26
1. Hypothesis:
The number of lifts will decrease with each repetition due to muscle fatigue.
2.
Graph your data below. Label the y axis with the number of lifts.
Copy and
paste this graph on a word document so you can print it out, do the graph,
and take a picture of it to submit it as part of your lab submission.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Trial Number
4.
Were the results as you expected? If they were not, speculate on potential
reasons for this difference?
Yes, the results supported my hypothesis.
5.
Based on your results would you assume the gastrocnemius is composed of
more slow twitch (type I) or fast twitch (type II) fibers?
Based on my results I would assume the gastrocnemius is composed of more
fast twitch (type II) fibers. The fibers were able to perform quick movements
and recover. The muscle fatigue experienced is due to the recruitment of fast-
twitch (type II) muscle fibers. The gradual decrease in performance over the
ten trials suggests that these fast-twitch fibers tire out relatively quickly
during this activity.
Activity 2. Extensors and Flexors
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1.
Partially flex your dominant forearm at the elbow like you were doing a
bicep curl. Have another person try to straighten your arm.
Now straighten your arm so your elbow is flat. Have someone try to bend it
at that elbow.
Which of the two actions was easier for your lab partner to perform?
It was easier for her to straighten my arm. It was very difficult to try to flex
my arm with her putting pressure on it. The triceps brachii, primary extensor
muscle, is stronger than the biceps brachii, flexion muscle.
2.
Which
sets of muscles
are involved in resistance to movement in the two
actions above?
Biceps brachii and triceps brachii
3.
Create another example of exercises which would illustrate the difference in
strength of flexors and extensors.
First, sit on a leg press machine with your feet on the footplate.
Then, push the footplate away from you (extension), primarily engaging the
quadriceps (extensors).
Finally, allow the footplate to return towards you (flexion), engaging the
hamstrings and calf muscles to resist the movement.
This exercise illustrates the difference in strength between the quadriceps
(extensors) and the hamstrings/calf muscles (flexors) in the leg. Pushing the
footplate away requires more force from the quadriceps, while resisting the
return engages the hamstrings and calf muscles. It emphasizes the dynamic
interplay between flexors and extensors in a different context than the arm
example.
Activity 3.
Articulations and Movements at Joints
1.
Use pictures of bones and/or skeletons to
locate bones that create the
following joint types.
Include the names of the bones below which make
up one example of these joints in the body.
Movement Type
Bone Names (Ch 7)
(not the joint name)
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