NTDT200 Final Exam Review

Revisited topics: Atherosclerosis - Thickening and hardening of the arteries - “Plaque” in the arteries - HDL - Considered the better cholesterol - LDL - Contributes to heart disease - When oxidized with WBCs, foam cells “baby plaque cells” are made Healthy eating habits - Intake of at least 5 servings fruits/veggies - Physical activity at least 12 days per month - Moderate or no alcohol consumption - Being a non-smoker 1. The WHO recommends that we consume no more than ___ of calorie intake as added sugar. a. 5% b. 10% c. 20% d. 50% 2. Gram for gram, which of the following nutrients provides the most calories per gram a. Protein i. 4 calories per gram b. Carbs i. 4 calories per gram c. Fat i. 9 calories per gram 3. How many calories in 1 gram of protein a. 1 b. 4 c. 7 d. 9 4. Of all the grains you eat in a day, what percent should be whole grains? a. 10% b. 25% c. 50% d. 100% 5. The living bacteria found in yogurt is known as a. Prebiotics i. Food for the living bacteria in the body

b. Probiotics i. Found in yogurt, kombucha c. Gluten 6. The majority of nutrients are absorbed in the ____ a. Stomach b. Small intestine c. Large intestine i. Absorbs a lot of fluid 7. What is the point where the lower end of the eqophagus and the stomach meet a. Epiglottis b. Esophageal sphincter c. Pyloric sphincter 8. The small intestine has 3 parts. What is te correct order? a. Jejunum, ileum, colon b. Duodenum, ileum, colon c. Duodenum, ileum, jejunum d. Duodenum, jejunum, ileum 9. Which of the following is a symptom based disorder characterized by abdominal pain and alternating episodes of c and d a. GERD b. IBS i. Symptom based disorder c. Diabetes d. Celiac disease i. Gluten intolerance that may present these symptoms 10. Which of the following best describes FODMAPS? a. Elimination of acid containing foods to help relieve symptoms with GERD b. Carbohydrates that are digested and absorbed quickly that can raise blood sugars in a diabetic too quickly c. Carbohydrates that are poorly digested and absorbed that can increase bacterial growth in the intestines leading to IBS symptoms i. Low FODMAP diet is to relieve IBS symptoms d. High fat foods that sow the function of the lower esophageal sphincter that make GERD symptoms worse 11. For a gluten free diet, which is safe to eat? a. Wheat b. Rye c. Barley d. Potato i. Wheat, rye, barley must be eliminated 12. What is the function of insulin? a. Raise blood glucose i. Glucagon raises blood glucose when it becomes too low b. Lower blood glucose

i. Returns blood glucose to normal range after food consumption 13. What type of diabetes is required to take insulin injections because the pancreas no longer produces insulin? a. Type 1 i. Autoimmune disorder where the pancreas is no longer functioning. The body cannot make insulin. b. Type 2 i. The body can still make insulin, but the cells are unable to recognize it “insulin resistance” 14. What is the structure of saturated fat? a. No double bonds b. Double bonds 15. What best describes an omega 3 acid? a. Polyunsaturated fat with the first double bond after the 3rd carbon b. Polyunsaturated fat with the first double bond after the 6th carbon i. Omega 6 c. Polyunsaturated fat with the first double bond after the 9th carbon i. Omega 9 16. Which acid are helpful in decreasing inflammation? a. Omega 3 b. Omega 6 i. Pro-inflammatory 17. Which of the following is true of an essential amino acid? a. It is not found in the diet b. It must be supplied by the diet c. It can be made from fat in the body d. It can be made from glucose in the body 18. In addition to energy (ATP), what are the main end products of the breakdown of glucose? a. Fat and fiber b. Water and CO2 Monosaccharides and amino acids