Discussion Board Week 4

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Health Science

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Apr 3, 2024

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For the following questions, first provide an answer, then, identify some potential challenges that might occur when considering implementation. What methods have been used to control growth and spread? How effective are those methods? What additional methods could be considered? What can be done if the population does not want to engage in the identified methods? Several methods have been used in an attempt to control growth and spread when dealing with TB (M. TB). I believe methods such as Antibiotic Treatment have been used, Drug-Resistant TB Management, Isolation, Vaccination, Research and Development, and Living Conditions. According to the American Lung Association, “the most common treatment for active TB is isoniazid INH in combination with three other drugs – rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol” ( Association, n.d., para. 2 ). The next method mentioned in Drug- Resistant TB, “TB that is resistant to more than one drug, called multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB) is very dangerous” ( Association, n.d., para. 3 ). Treatment in this manner can take upwards of 30 months to complete, but is dangerous to the user as it is more likely to create and have the user experience more side effects. Isolation is self-explanatory, but people should be alone to prevent the spread of the disease. Vaccination know as the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), is used in some parts of the world to protect against severe forms of TB, but in contrary it is not that effective against the most common form the TB, which is pulmonary TB that effects the lungs. There is constant research and development going on in order to try and find more effective tools, drugs, along with possible vaccinations. Living conditions play a vital role in the spread of TB, especially in poverty areas as several families may live within the same house, which directly adds to the spread of TB because of distance and overcrowding. The methods above have had a positive effect in reducing TB, but according to the center for disease control and prevention new data shows that cases have once again began to increase. “ Preliminary TB data released by CDC ahead of World TB Day show that the number of U.S. TB disease cases increased 5% in 2022 to 8,300 cases” (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2023, para. 1). From what I have learned is that TB control requires sustained effort involving everyone, which is what happened when results decreased, but lately things have been on the rise and this can be a direct relationship with the economy. When asked what additional methods could be considered I do believe nutritional support would be a great opportunity, as we know people with weaker immune systems can lead to an increase in infections and diseases. Giving proper nutrients to people who are already positive can help them and can reduce the risk of contamination with other people. When asked what can be done if people do not want to engage, I would come back to the general population and explain the severity of TB, and what it can lead too. Also explain to them the benefits of prevention for the community and the individuals. Usually, public speakers who have gone through or experienced it first hand would be able to get the community to understand. References: Association, A. L. (n.d.). Diagnosing and treating tuberculosis . American Lung Association. https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/tuberculosis/treating-and- managing#:~:text=If%20you%20have%20an%20active,%E2%80%94rifampin%2C%20pyrazinamide %20and%20ethambutol.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023, March 22). TB is still here – new CDC data show U.S. cases increased again in 2022 . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2023/s0323-TB-increase.html#:~:text=CDC%20Newsroom %20Releases-,TB%20is%20Still%20Here%20%E2%80%93%20New%20CDC%20Data %20Show,Cases%20Increased%20Again%20in%202022&text=Preliminary%20TB%20data %20released%20by,Test. Replies: Professor: Thank you for the comments, I noticed that you placed a question “Are active TB cases always hospitalized”? In my opinion I would have to say no, my reasoning behind this is because a couple of weeks ago you mentioned your husband always tests positive but since he has latency TB there is nothing to worry about. That being said I believe the decision does rest with the person and the severity of their symptoms. My concerns would be the severity, the risk of infection spreading, and the person’s overall health. If the person is healthy and able to isolate, I would say that it is fine to stay home as this is an infection that can be treated at an outpatient clinic. A person can go to the clinic and pick up the medications to treat TB, such as the antibiotics or just go to a clinic to be under supervision while taking the medication. Chaney: Meningitis is a very serious condition, as you may know since you have been speaking to it for the past few weeks. It can usually lead to the inflammation of the meninges which are the protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. Some of the easiest ways to prevent this from occurring includes managing good hygiene, avoiding the sharing of personal items, and staying current on vaccinations which can include travel vaccinations. Measures are only used to possibly reduce the risk, but nothing more. You mentioned the success of the Meningitis Vaccine Project, but what was the outcome?

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