Exercise 7 Chapters 17 & 19

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Apr 3, 2024

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Exercise 7 Chapters 17 & 19 (10 questions, 2 point per question) 1. Which of the following statements is the most accurate definition of efficacy? a. Testing a drug in a group of participants who have agreed to join clinical trial. b. A measure of a specific intervention, procedure, regimen, or service, when deployed in the usual circumstances of living and practice. c. Testing a new drug in a community where individuals have various compliances of drug intake. d. Estimating the cost-benefit ratio based on agent effectiveness. e. The effects or end results achieved in relation to the effort expended in terms of money, resources, and time. 2. Which of the following statements is the most accurate definition of effectiveness? a. Testing a vaccine in a group of consenting individuals. b. A measure of a specific intervention, procedure, regimen, or service produces a beneficial result under ideal conditions. c. Testing a vaccine in a community where some of individuals do not want to be vaccinated. d. The process of making the best use of scarce resources. e. The effects or end results achieved in relation to the effort expended in terms of money, resources, and time. 3. Which of the following statements is the most accurate definition of efficiency? a. A measure of a specific intervention, procedure, regimen, or service produces a beneficial result under ideal conditions. b. The process of testing a vaccine in a community where some of individuals do not want to be vaccinated. c. The process of testing a new drug in a community where individuals have various compliances of drug intake. d. The process of estimating the best effort of intervention or procedure. e. The effects or end results achieved in relation to the effort expended in terms of money, resources, and time. 4. When testing whether we can achieve a less expensive and better way to treat a disease with an intervention that has shown to work previously, we are looking for a. Efficacy. b. Effectiveness. c. Efficiency. d. Power. e. Feasibility. 5. In general terms, a health indicator is a a. Rare disease that reflects how the system deals with complex conditions. b. Sentinel condition that is assumed to reflect the general level of health care. c. Disease that reflects infant health. d. Disease that reflects maternal and child health. e. Statistical test used to compare the health situation of two countries. 6. The government of Country A decided to introduce a new treatment strategy for disease X. It was decided that, starting in January 1, 2019, all patients diagnosed with disease X in public hospitals would receive the new treatment. Researchers were asked to evaluate the new treatment. Which of the following designs is the best approach to evaluate the new treatment? a. Randomized clinical trial b. Case-control study c. Cross-sectional survey d. Before-after study e. Case-series 7. According to the healthy people 2020, the following is an indicator of access to health services: 1
a. Persons with a usual primary care provider b. Persons with a diagnosed diabetes whose A1c is greater than 9% c. Adolescents with a major depressive episode in the past 12 months d. Knowledge of serostatus among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive persons e. Adult cigarette smoking 8. Which of the following statements is not an accurate description of epidemiology in health policy? a. A major role of epidemiology is a basis for developing policies that may affect human health. b. One of the roles of epidemiology in public health policy is for risk assessment. c. Some researchers use systematic review or meta-analysis to synthesize the literature regarding a specific health topic. d. Epidemiology is the only relevant scientific discipline in the process of risk assessment. e. Journals that may not want to publish the studies report no association will increase the publication bias. 9. The same epidemiologic question regarding the effectiveness of a treatment can be addressed by several studies. Often, there are inconsistencies between such studies. What can be done when such discrepancies are found? a. Trust the study done by senior researchers. b. Trust the study with bigger sample size. c. Conduct a systematic review with a meta-analysis. d. Trust the study that makes more sense. e. None of the previous. 10. When decision makers are in the process of assessing whether a new policy should be implemented to avoid a certain health risk, besides considering the scientific evidence available, they should also take into account the following societal consideration: a. If that decision would make them look good with constituents b. The proportion of the population would be protected by such policy c. If that new policy was proposed by prestigious academics d. The media’s opinion about the policy e. The incidence rate of the disease 2
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