Revised - Evidence Based Medicine Policy Analysis (2)

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1 Evidence-Based Medicine Policy Analysis The University of Arizona Global Campus MHA620: Health Policy Analyses
2 Evidence-Based Medicine Policy Analysis In order to make the best medical choice for a patient's health, evidence-based medicine (EBM) uses the most reliable scientific and organizational results (Majers & Warshawsky, 2020). (Mclaughlin & Mclaughlin, 2014), notes that EBM contains unique evidence-based analytical techniques and "levels of evidence." Key stakeholders (government, providers, patients, etc.) play crucial roles in EBM policy. The case study "Constraints of the ACA on Evidence-Based Medicine" (McLaughlin & McLaughlin, 2014) makes a note of the use of The University of Minnesota's "Levels of Evidence and Grades of Recommendations" as the case study's starting point to highlight the restrictions placed by the ACA on EBM (University of Minnesota, 2017). EBM aims to enhance medical outcomes by utilizing the most accurate and reliable available data (Tenny & Varacallo, 2022). EBM “Levels of Evidence” In order to deliver better medical care, evidence-based medicine integrates three distinct elements: choices made by the patient, the doctor's clinical judgment, and the top relevant scientific information that is currently accessible (Tenny & Varacallo, 2022). Evidence-based care calls for the involvement of patients and clinicians, and an evidence pyramid is frequently used (McLaughlin & McLaughlin, 2014). (McLaughlin & McLaughlin, 2014) highlights that to decide whether or not the service should be provided to a particular patient, a well-informed conversation between the doctor and the patient is frequently necessary. A six-step paradigm for EBM decision-making was created by the Center for Evidence-Based Management (Majers & Warshawsky, 2020). (McLaughlin & McLaughlin, 2014) states that defining an issue with an emphasis on clinical questions, searching for relevant information that is currently available to find evidence about the clinical question, evaluating the quality and applicability of the evidence,
3 implementing the strategy in clinical practice, assessing efficacy, and actively incorporating successful outcomes into one's competence set. An impartial group of prevention experts known as the United States Preventive Treatments Task Force (USPSTF) suggests clinical preventive treatments such as screening exams, counseling, and preventive medications (AHRQ, 2018). (McLaughlin & McLaughlin, 2014) observes that because most practitioners must rely on recommendations rather than practical expertise, the USPSTF is an example of a situation in which recommendations are advantageous. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) is authorized by Congress to provide scientific, technical, and administrative assistance to the USPSTF (AHRQ, 2018). (McLaughlin & McLaughlin, 2014), notes that The Affordable Care Act (ACA) places a strong emphasis on patients' responsibilities as active, knowledgeable consumers who choose their treatments. Constraints of the ACA on Evidence-Based Medicine (McLaughlin & McLaughlin, 2014) states that doctors' resistance to providing evidence- based care is typically fueled by a fear of the unknown. Under Section 3506 of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Innovation established a program that permits the development of decision aids (Mclaughlin & Mclaughlin, 2014). The University of Minnesota Clearinghouse (University of Minnesota, 2017) notes that PICOT can be used to construct a "well-built clinical question" under the "Levels of Evidence and Grades of Recommendations" section. (University of Minnesota, 2017), notes that PICO(T) stands for “P- Patient, Population, or Problem; I-Intervention, Exposure, or Prognostic Factor; c-comparison (s) or Control; o-outcome (s); and T-Timeframe”. The results of the Patient-Centered Outcomes
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